1. Disability & inclusive development

2. Definition Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. (Art. 1 - UNCRPD)

3. International Convention The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities received its 20th ratification on 3rd April 2008, triggering the entry into force of the Convention and its Optional Protocol 30 days later. This marks a major milestone in the effort to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity.

4. Disability is a Human Rights Issue Disability is an unavoidable and universal part of human diversity There has been a change in the way the person with disabilities is viewed:  From being seen as an object of charity and a burden = approach of assistance  To a subject of law = approach based on the respect of all human beings Shift from a charitable to a rights-based approach whereby the individual is respected and empowered

5. In light of this change, four core human rights values take on particular importance in the context of disability :  Dignity: respect for a person’s physical and moral integrity  Autonomy: capacity for self-directed action, decision and behaviour  Equality: no discrimination  Solidarity: social support  Everybody has the same rights and should have the same access to their rights

6. The problem is within the individual: the disability is the direct result of the person’s impairment Disability is only a health (thus medical) issue Solutions are designed by « medical experts » on the basis of a medical diagnosis Focus: elimination or cure of disability ; normalisation Reference to people with disabilities as an oppressed minority The environment of people with disabilities is the problem Disability is the result of barriers linked to the physical environment, attitudes, information and communication. This leads to unequal access to opportunities Focus: elimination of barriers linked to physical space, attitude and information/communication Disability viewed as an individual pathology MEDICAL MODEL Disability viewed as a social pathology SOCIAL MODEL Contrasting disability models Adapted from Rioux, 1997 - Cité par Interactif déc 2002 - Understanding disability : look, then act

7. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION Environmental factors Interaction Personal factors Human development model (RIPPH, 1996) IntrinsicExtrinsic HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL

8. Personal factors Life Habits HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL Facilitator - Obstacles Environmental Factors Capabilities Ability – Funct. impairment Organic systems Integrity - Impairment Social Participation - Disabling Situation Interactions Adapted from the Disability Creation Process, Fougeyrollas et al., 1997

9. Approach that respects the full human rights of every person, acknowledging diversity, eradicating poverty and ensuring that all people are fully included and can actively participate in the development process and in activities, regardless of age, gender, disability, state of health, ethnic origin or any other characteristic. Inclusive development

10. Specific services Access to mainstream services whenever necessary For an « equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms » Twin-track approach ! United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - 2006 whenever possible

11. TWIN TRACK APPROACH Specialised services (direct rehabilitation services for PwD) Physiotherapy Occupational therapy Prosthetic + Orthotic services Sign language Corrective surgery Information leaflets in Braille Care-givers, etc… Mainstream services (non-specialised services for society in general) Awareness campaigns to change communities’ attitudes towards disability (positive attitude) Removal of physical barriers Accessible information /communication Access to livelihood opportunities PwDs included in mainstream MFI targets, etc… A principle : access to mainstream services whenever possible, and a specialised approach whenever necessary