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Published bySherman Ross Modified over 9 years ago
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The Rise of Russia After the Mongols….
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1450-1750 Land based empire – Asian territory Chief power in E. Europe Selective Westernization Remained outside of global trade system
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End of Mongols Ivan III and Ivan IV (Terrible) – lead movement to free Russia of Mongol influence (1462) – gained much territory Ivan III – Tzar (Czar) – 3 rd Rome Ivan IV (Terrible) – killed many boyars (nobility)
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New lands were settled by cossacks (peasants/warriors) End of free peoples of Asia (left from various nomadic tribes)
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1613 – Time of Troubles – Ivan IV left no heir; nobility regained control; Sweden and Poland invaded Russia; boyars selected Romanov dynasty to rule (ended Time of Troubles) Romanov restored order and Tzarist autocracy
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Peter the Great - Westernization Attacked both Ottoman Empire and Sweden (moved capital to St. Petersburg) Army, administration and Church more firmly under his control. Economy – metals and mining Enforced Western clothing – to cut off elite from traditional backgrounds.
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Schools – math, science Only Westernized elite, not peasants or commoners Did not desire to enter the global commercial system
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Catherine the Great Took over retarded husband’s reign (Peter III) Continued policy of autocratic centralization Interested in Enlightenment ideas Strengthened power of nobility
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Landlords gained almost absolute control over serfs. Turned against Western ideas during French Revolution Censored intellectual who spoke against autocracy. Poland – Russia partitioned Poland – ceased to be an independent state.
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Economy Coercive labor system and relied entirely on serfdom 17 th and 18 th century – intensified serfdom 1800 – ½ peasants were enserfed to nobility; ½ to the state 1649 – serfdom was hereditary
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E. Europe – also coercive labor system Few artisans and merchants Self-sufficient – did not depend on the West for trade Most profitable trade was with central Asia and internally Intellectual and peasant dissatisfaction on serfdom would challenge Russia’s political and social stability
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