2. Political Pressure on margins offer tax or cost advantages Price or reimbursement controled by the government Economic Mergers between Biothecs Mature markets  emerging ones Tighter regulatory controls on clinical trials Niche areas are becoming crowded Free trade Patented drugs : 18% => 8% Generic increase 40% Health care spending boomed Socioculturel Life expectency in developed countries increase by over 20 years Ageing population Technological High levels of R&D spending More creative and efficient More expensive hight technology solutions Penicilin = major discovery Thalidonide tragedy Computers can print prescriptions Biopharmaceuticals became mainstream Legal Stringent government regulations Legislation = fixed period on patent protection