1. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

2. Chemical reactionNuclear reaction Involves valence electrons Involves nucleus Can’t change the element’s identity (can only rearrange its atoms) Can change the identity of the element through a transmutation reaction Can give off heat, light, or other energy form Gives off nuclear particles or radiation

3. Strong nuclear force---holds the nucleus together (overcomes proton repulsion) Electrostatic force—attractive force between protons and electrons (holds entire atom together)

4. 2 REASONS WHY SOMETHING IS RADIOACTIVE ? Past atomic # 83 An isotope (Ex: C—14)

5. 3 RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES Alpha—a helium nucleus; least penetrating power Beta—a high energy electron Gamma---most penetrating; pure energy

6. 1.Why is cobalt—60 radioactive? 2.Why is Francium radioactive? 3.What force holds the entire atom together? 4.What force holds the nucleus together? 5.Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Polonium. 6.Write the nuclear equation for the beta decay of Bk—249.

7. P ASS THE B ALL — NUCLEAR REVIEW 1. Give 1 difference between chemical vs. nuclear reactions. 2.Give another difference. 3.Give 1 reason why something is radioactive. 4.Give another reason for radioactivity. 5.Name the 3 radioactive particles in order of increasing penetration. 6.Which radioactive particle decreases atomic number by 2 and mass by 4? 7.Which radioactive particle increases atomic number by 1 and does not change mass? 8.Which force holds the atom’s nucleus together? 9.Which force holds the entire atom together through the force of attraction between protons and electrons? 10.What’s the difference between fission and fusion?