1. Oceanographic Patterns in ECCO & Satellite Imagery with Applications to Fisheries Li Luo and Dale Kiefer 11/01/2012

2. SECTION TITLE | 2 Our work with ECCO We have imported output of ECCO simulation of global circulation into the EASy Marine Geographical Information System that we have developed. We can now more easily merge such output with satellite imagery, models of plankton, and fishery dynamics. As one example ECCO has been incorporated into USC’s web-based information system dealing with climate change and the Southern California Bight. We have conducted EOF analyses to determine the goodness of fit between ECCO simulations and satellite imagery of SST, SSChl, and SSH. We will employ ECCO to better understand the patterns that we have observed in these analyses. Using ECCO output, we have explored the factors shaping to the spatial/temporal distribution of catch, effort, and recruitment of fisheries: Tuna of the Eastern Pacific Thresher, Blue, and Mako sharks of the California Current Menhaden of the Gulf Stream Sardines of Canary Current off Morocco

3. Bight Watch Information System GIS Statistical Tools EOF, pattern assessment, correlation analyses, predictor Biogeochemical Models Plankton, Productivity, Nutrient, CO2, O2 Fishery Models Small and Large Pelagics satellite imagery e.g. GHRSST, SSChl, AVISO SLA ocean resources e.g. CALCOFI, SWFSC circulation models e.g. ECCO, S.C. ROMS ocean monitoring e.g. Buoys, Scripps Pier, SPOT, SCCWRP Time Series Information Utility Test models Explore Linkages Track Climatic Drivers Identify Anomalies ENSO, PDO, EMI, NPGO

4. Bight Watch GIS Architecture EASy Database Imagery & Model Output GE/GM Desktop NetViewer GoogleEarth Spatial Analysis Service Custom Data EASy Infrastructure Reg. DataEOF XLS Batch File ‘R’ Data File PNG File Script File ‘R’ Interface GE/GM Files GoogleMaps Google PHAMLite

5. Outline  EOF Results Comparison between Aviso satellite data and ECCO SSH model data across three spatial scales.  Application of ECCO & Satellite imagery In Fishery.

6. EOF Results Comparison between Aviso satellite data and ECCO SSH model data across three spatial scales

7. North Pacific Basin West Coast of North America Southern California Bight (Latitude [-29.5 52.5] Longitude [-217.75 -71.75]) (Latitude: [22.5 48.25] Longitude: [-130 -105.25]) (Latitude: [30.75 34.75] Longitude: [-120.75 -116]) Study Area

8. ECCOAVISO EOF Results Comparison between Aviso satellite data and ECCO model data Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 The First Three EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the North Pacific Basin)

9. Mode1 ECCO: 16.5% Aviso: 14.3% r = 0.94 Mode 2 ECCO: 6.2% Aviso: 6.8% r=0.85 Mode3 ECCO: 5.1% Aviso: 4.4% r=0.91 The First Three Temporal expansion coefficients of EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the North Pacific Basin)

10. Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 ECCOAVISO The First Three EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the West Coast of North America)

11. Mode 1 ECCO: 60.6% Aviso: 31.0% r=0.80 Mode 2 ECCO: 6.1% Aviso: 5.0% r=0.74 Mode 3 ECCO: 3.4% Aviso: 3.4% r=0.36 The First Three Temporal expansion coefficients of EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the West Coast of North America)

12. Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 ECCOAVISO The First Three EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the Southern California Bight)

13. Mode 1 ECCO: 69.6% Aviso: 47.8% r=0.8 Mode 2 ECCO: 7.8% Aviso: 12.2% r=0.34 Mode 3 ECCO: 4.5% Aviso: 6.8% r=-0.02 The First Three Temporal expansion coefficients of EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the Southern California Bight)

14. EOF Mode North Pacific Basin West Coast of North America Southern California Bight 1 0.940.80 2 0.850.740.34 3 0.910.36-0.02 Correlation Coefficients between Aviso Satellite imagery and ECCO Model Data Mode PacificWestBight ECCOAvisoECCOAvisoECCOAviso 116.514.360.631.069.647.8 26.26.86.15.07.812.2 35.14.43.4 4.56.8 Percentage of the total variance explained by each mode (%)

15. Application of Satellite imagery and ECCO In Fishery

16. MODIS. Chlorophyll. February 2007

17. Annual Average O2 at 150 m

18. ECCO currents and 1 degree skipjack caught on fish aggregation devices August 1998 FAD and Shear Attraction

19. ECCO currents, and 1 degree yellowfin dolphin sets April 1999 Vorticity and Shear shapes the distribution of catch and effort

20. Conclusions The correlation coefficient between each pair of the EOF mode temporal expansion coefficients for the AVISO imagery and ECCO calculations across all the three spatial scales suggested that the SSH values from ECCO model matched well with the real satellite imagery for the large scale such as the North Pacific Basin. The match appears less significant on smaller scales. It appears that patterns in circulation in the Eastern Pacific helps greatly to explain the distribution of catch, effort, and recruitment of tuna.

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22. EOF Results Comparison between SST, SSH and SSChl satellite data for the North Pacific Basin

23. Mode 1 SST: 20.9% ChlA: 10.6% SSH: 14.3% Mode 2 SST: 7.6% ChlA: 8.3% SSH: 6.8% Mode 3 SST: 6.5% ChlA: 6.1% SSH: 4.4% The comparison of EOF results of SST, SSH, and Chlorophyll within north pacific basin area SST – GHRSST ChlA – SeaWiFS SSH – AVISO

24. SST ChlA SSH The First Two EOF Spatial Patterns Modes Mode 1Mode 2