1. SOME TOOLS OF THE TRADE GEOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

2. WHAT IS GIS ? Geographic Information Systems A GIS is a powerful computer mapping and analysis system Links geographic locations with information/data about them so you can create maps and analyze data in new ways Techniques for handling, processing, and analyzing data specifically referenced to the surface of the Earth

3. WHAT IS GIS ? Components of GIS

4. WHAT MAKES GIS UNIQUE?

6. Ability to use specific spatial techniques Buffer and overlay, for example

7. QUESTIONS A GIS COULD ANSWER Location What is at the location? Condition How is it? Trends What has changed since? Patterns What spatial patterns exist? Modeling What if?

8. WHO USES GIS ? Government Academia Private industry

9. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GIS Street network based analysis Address matching Vehicle routing Location routing, site selection Development of evacuation plans

10. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF GIS Natural resource based (management) Wildlife habitat Wild & scenic rivers Recreation resources Floodplains Wetlands Agricultural lands Aquifers Forests

11. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR GIS Land parcel based analysis Zoning, subdivision plan review Land acquisition Maintenance of ownership

12. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GIS Facilities management Locating underground utilities Planning facility maintenance

13. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF GIS Historic structures Cataloging Maintenance

14. GIS APPLICATION AREAS Gator Farming with GIS by Gregory Hymel, Geographic Computer Technologies, LLC “Eggs, collected from wild nests in area wetlands, are hatched on farms. Some of the young hatched on farms are released back into the wild. As a result of this program, alligator populations in the southeastern United States have grown substantially, and the species was declared recovered in 1987 and removed from the Endangered Species List. An alligator farm in Louisiana has begun using GIS to manage egg collection.”

15. GIS APPLICATION AREAS

16. GIS APPLICATION AREAS

17. REMOTE SENSING Any of the several techniques of obtaining images of an area or object without having the sensor in direct physical contact with it, as by aerial photography or satellite sensors.

18. REMOTE SENSING

19. Early remote sensing

20. REMOTE SENSING Visible spectrum

21. REMOTE SENSING Sensor record specific bands of the EMR spectrum

22. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS

23. Amazon River

24. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS Rondonia, Brazil 1975

25. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS Rondonia, Brazil 1986

26. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS Rondonia, Brazil 1992

27. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS Tracking tornado damage

28. GPS: THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Uses measurements from 3+ satellites

29. HOW ACCURATE IS GPS? Depends on several variables Design of receiver $100 - $50,000 Little spent collecting readings Positions/geometry of satellites Differential corrections Removal of measurement errors

30. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Low end receivers

31. GLOBAL POSITIONING RECEIVERS High end receiver

32. GPS APPLICATIONS Agriculture

33. GPS APPLICATIONS Wildlife tracking

34. GPS APPLICATIONS Vehicle use

35. GPS

36. GEOCACHING

37. GPS & MOUNTAIN BIKING

38. GOOGLE EARTH