1. The Big Questions Nature of the universeConsciousness Life & death Future of the planet

2. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action2 How Do We Answer Them? <0170019501990 Empirical Data Theory Simulation

3. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action3 The Same is True of Smaller Questions l Designing new chemical catalysts l Selling advertising l Creating entertainment l Finding parking

4. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action4 Information Technology and Science Paul Erdös claimed that a mathematician is a machine for turning coffee into theorems. The scientist is arguably a machine for turning data into insight. Service-Oriented Science, I. Foster, Science, 308, p. 814.

5. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action5 What are the Products of Science? l Papers u We learned this, and heres how. l Data and Datasets u We collected this data. Download it, write an analysis program, and see what you can learn from it. l Web Portals u We constructed this scientific model. Use our data or bring your own, supply some parameters, and see how it behaves. u Requires manual operation. l Web Services u Heres our climate model. Integrate it with your models for [ocean currents/weather/crop forecasts] and see what happens. u Heres our indexed data from the latest experiment run. Run your filters against it and see if you can find anything interesting. u Heres our genome analysis engine. Upload your proteins and see what they will do in a cell. Increasing degrees of collaboration

6. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action6 Grid: An Enabler of eScience Must we buy (or travel to) a power source? Or can we ship power to where we want to work? Enable on-demand access to, and integration of, diverse resources & services, regardless of location The dubious electrical power grid analogy

7. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action7 1st Generation Grids Focus on aggregation of many resources for massively (data-)parallel applications EGEE

8. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action8 Second-Generation Grids l Empower many more users by enabling on-demand access to services l Science gateways (TeraGrid) l Service oriented science l Or, Science 2.0 Service-Oriented Science, Science, 2005

9. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action9 Web 2.0 l Software as services u Data- & computation-rich network services l Services as platforms u Easy composition of services to create new capabilities (mashups)that themselves may be made accessible as new services l Enabled by massive infrastructure buildout u Google projected to spend $1.5B on computers, networks, and real estate in 2006 u Many others are spending substantially l Paid for by advertising Declan Butler, Nature

10. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action10 Automating Science l Human access to data is nice l Automated access by software tools is revolutionary u In the time that a human user takes to locate one useful piece of information within a Web site, a program may access and integrate data from many sources and identify relationships that a human might never discover unaided. - Foster

11. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action11 Science 2.0: E.g., Virtual Observatories Data Archives User Analysis tools Gateway Figure: S. G. Djorgovski Discovery tools

12. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action12 Service-Oriented Science People create services (data or functions) … which I discover (& decide whether to use) … & compose to create a new function... & then publish as a new service. I find someone else to host services, so I dont have to become an expert in operating services & computers! I hope that this someone else can manage security, reliability, scalability, … !! Service-Oriented Science, Science, 2005

13. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action13 Are Scientists Really Developing Web Services?

14. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action14 Cancer Bioinformatics Grid l Common system architecture (caGrid) provides the service interface plumbing and the service hosting capability u Web services l Community participants supply useful services u Data access, analysis, modeling, filtering, authoring, etc. l https://cabig.nci.nih.gov/

15. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action15 The Introduce Authoring Tool l Define service l Create skeleton l Discover types l Add operations l Configure security l Modify service Introduce: Hastings, Saltz, et al., Ohio State University Generates GT4- compatible Web Services

16. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action16 The Importance of Hosting and Management Tell me about this star Tell me about these 20K stars Support 1000s of users E.g., Sloan Digital Sky Survey, ~10 TB; others much bigger

17. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action17 Skyserver Sessions (Thanks to Alex Szalay)

18. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action18 Hosting & Management: Application Hosting Services Resource Provider Appln Code Appln Code Application client AHS management Hosting Service Author ization Resource Provider Provisioning Persistence Users Admins PDP Policy management Application deployment Application Prep Tool(s) Appln Code Application providers

19. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action19 Who Will Host Your Services? l Your institution (campus resources) l (Inter)national systems u TeraGrid, Open Science Grid, UK Natl Grid Service, ChinaGrid, NaukaGrid, etc. l Science domain systems u caBIG, NEES, Earth System Grid, Orion *, LEAD, NEON *, LHC Computing Grid, etc. l Commercial systems u Amazon, Google, etc.

20. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action20 Examples of Production Scientific Grids l APAC (Australia) l China Grid l China National Grid l DGrid (Germany) l EGEE l NAREGI (Japan) l Open Science Grid l Taiwan Grid l TeraGrid l ThaiGrid l UK Natl Grid Service

21. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action21 Application-Infrastructure Gap Dynamic and/or Distributed Applications A 1 B 1 9 9 Shared Distributed Infrastructure

22. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action22 Bridging the Application-Resource Gap Uniform interfaces, security mechanisms, Web service transport, monitoring ComputersStorage Specialized resource User Application GRAMGridFTP Host Env User Svc DAIS Database Tool Workflow Credent. Host Env User Svc Registry

23. eSS 2007Service-Oriented Science: Globus Software in Action23 Grid Infrastructure l Distributed management u Of physical resources u Of software services u Of communities and their policies l Unified treatment u Build on Web services framework u Use WS-RF, WS-Notification (or WS- Transfer/Man) to represent/access state u Common management abstractions & interfaces