1. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1 CE-313
Session 2004
13th Week 14th to 19th May 2007
Analysis and Design of Slabs
By Engr. Azhar

2. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Slabs
In reinforced concrete construction, slabs are used as flat, useful surfaces.
A reinforced slab is a broad, flat plate, usually horizontal, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or nearly so.
It may be supported by reinforced concrete beams (and is usually cast monolithically with such beams), by masonry or by reinforced concrete walls, by steel structural members, directly by columns, or continuously by ground.

3. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
One-Way Slab
“The slab which resists the entire/major part of applied load by bending only in one direction”
If slab is supported on all four sides and
it behaves as one-way slab.
Slabs having supports on less than four sides can be designed as one-way.
Two edge supported slab is always one-way.
Cantilever slab is always one-way.

4. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
One-Way Slab (contd…)
free
Span
Span
supported
free
supported
Span
Span
Cantilever Slab
R < 0.5
One-Way Slabs

5. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
One-Way Slab (contd…)
Main steel is only provided parallel to span
One-way slab is designed as singly reinforced rectangular section.
hmin for the slab is different compared with the beams.
End Conditions
Steel Grades
300
420 fy
Simply Supported
L/25
L/20
One end continuous
L/30
L/24
Both ends continuous
L/35
L/28
Cantilever
L/12
L/10

6. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
One-Way Slab (contd…)
L = Effective Span. Lesser of the following:
L= Ln + h/2 + h/ = Ln + h
h = depth of slab
and
L = c/c distance between supports.

7. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Examples of One-Way Slab (contd…)
Shades in the roofing system (cantilever)
Slab of stairs.
Cantilever retaining walls.
Footings.
Slab of stair
Footing

8. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Spacing Cover For Slabs (contd…)
smax will be lesser of following.
3 x h (local practice is 2 x h)
450 mm (local practice is 300 mm)
(158300/fy) -2.5Cc
12600/fy
Cc = Clear Cover

9. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Distribution, Temperature & Shrinkage Steel For Slabs (ACI )
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement is required at right angle to main reinforcement to minimize cracking and to tie the structure together to ensure its acting as assumed in design.
Top and bottom reinforcements are both effective in controlling the cracks.

10. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Distribution, Temperature & Shrinkage Steel For Slabs (ACI ) (contd…)
For Grade 300 …0.2% of b x h…ρ = ……As = 0.002bh
For Grade 420 …0.18% of b x h… ρ = As = bh
For other grades ……….
Temperature steel in no case will be less than

11. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Distribution, Temperature & Shrinkage Steel For Slabs (ACI ) (contd…)
smax shall be lesser of following
x h (field practice is 2 x h) mm

12. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Minimum Steel For Slabs
Same as the distribution steel

13. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Check For Shear
If ΦvVc ≥ Vu O.K.
Shear check in slabs is normally satisfied so no shear reinforcement is provided.

14. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design Procedure for One-Way Slab
Check whether the slab is one-way or two-way.
Calculate hmin and round it to higher 10mm multiple.
Not less than 110 mm for rooms
Not less than 75 mm for sunshades.
Calculate dead load acting on the slab. Dead Load = Load per unit area x 1m width.
Calculate live load acting on the slab. Live load = Load per unit area x 1m width.

15. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design Procedure for One-Way Slab (contd…)
Calculate total factored load per unit strip. (kN/m)
Calculate the moments either directly (simply supported) or by using coefficient for continuous slabs.
Calculate effective depth. d = h – (20 + (½)db) db = 10, 13, 15, generally used.
Check that d ≥ dmin

16. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design Procedure for One-Way Slab (contd…)
Calculate As required for 1m width.
Calculate minimum/distribution/temperature & shrinkage steel.
Select diameter and spacing for main steel.
Check the spacing for max. and min. spacing smin ≈ 90mm if spacing is less than minimum increase the diameter of bar.

17. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design Procedure for One-Way Slab (contd…)
For continuous slabs, curtail or bend up the +ve steel. For -ve steel see how much steel is already available. Provide remaining amount of steel.
Calculate the amount of distribution steel. Decide its dia. & spacing like main steel.
Check the slab for shear. ΦvVc ≥ Vu
Carry out detailing and show results on the drawings.
Prepare bar bending schedule, if required.

18. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Approximate Amount of Steel for Estimate
Approximate amount of steel in slab = 0.07 kg/mm/m2
If slab thickness = 100 mm steel = 0.07 x 100 = 7kg /m2

19. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Example:
Design a slab of a residential building having 10m x 3.75m clear dimensions resting on 342mm thick walls on all four sides. fc’ = MPa, fy = 300 MPa. Use SI bar and prepare bar bending schedule.

20. Concluded