1. CLAY VOCABULARY

2. Clay Body
It is possible to work with the clay as it comes from the earth, however it will not posses certain characteristics such as color, plasticity, strength, or fired density. By mixing two or more clays and adding other materials, these effects can be produced in what is called a clay body.

3. There are 3 stages: Wet Leather Hard Bone Dry
STAGES OF CLAY
There are 3 stages:
Wet
Leather Hard
Bone Dry

4. Greenware
Any pottery that has not been bisque fired. The clay could be wet, leather hard, or bone dry.

5. Greenware-all stages of unfired clay

6. Leather hard
Clay has begun to dry out and can no longer be formed or molded but the surface can easily be carved

7. Leatherhard-can ‘t continue to remold but effective carving at this stage

8. Bone Dry
Clay that has been completely air dried and is ready to go to the first firing (bisque)

9. Bone Dry-very brittle at this stage, ready for the bisque fire

10. There are two firings: Bisque Glaze
Firing the Clay
There are two firings:
Bisque
Glaze

11. Bisque Firing
The first firing, without over glaze. However colored under glazes (slips) may be applied to the greenware and then bisque fired.

12. Bisque firing-load bone dry clay

13. The final firing, with overglaze.
Glaze Firing
The final firing, with overglaze.

14. Glazeware: finished glaze firing; ready to be unloaded

15. PREPARING the CLAY

16. Wedging
Kneading the clay in order to expel air and homogenize the clay.

17. Wedging

18. Scoring
Scoring clay is the method potters use to adhere two pieces of clay together. Simply use any pointed clay tool to make X shaped marks into the clay where you will be adhering another piece. This roughs up the surface area of the clay, which is needed for a good adhesion.

19. Scoring

20. Slip
Slip is another name for clay glue. Slip is simply wet sticky clay. Slip can be applied by a paint brush or simply your finger. Do not use just water.

21. Slip

22. BUILDING TECHNIQUES

23. Pinching the clay with your fingers to shape it.

24. Pinch Pot
To make a pinch pot begin with a ball of clay. Push your thumb into the center, and then pinch up the walls. Turn the piece as you pinch. This will help you keep the walls of the piece at an even thickness. Lightly push the bottom of the pot on a flat surface to create a flat spot that it will rest on when finished.

25. Pinch Pot

26. Coil Pots COILS: rope-like strands of clay
Layered one upon another to create the walls of the pot. Smooth coils or leave some coils exposed.

27. Coil Pot

28. Coil Pot - Examples

29. Slab Building
SLAB: Rolled out flat pieces of clay

30. Slab Boxes

31. DECORATIVE TECHNIQUES

32. Sgraffito
SGRAFFITO: This is a decorating technique where a colored slip is applied to a leather-hard piece of clay and left to dry. Once the slip is dry a variety of different tools are used to carve into the clay to remove the slip and leave an embedded decoration behind.

33. Sgraffito

34. Mishima
A Japanese decorating method of filling a design impressed or carved into the clay with a different colored slip.

35. Mishima: Comparison Example
Sgraffito on the Left
Mishima on the Right

36. Crazing
The fine network of small cracks that occurs on glazes. The Japanese encourage crazing and will stain cracks with concentrated tea.

37. Crazing

38. CLAY TOOLS

39. Pin/ Needle Tool
Used for trimming while on the wheel and for scoring/cutting clay.

40. Used to cut large pieces of clay
Wire Cutters
Used to cut large pieces of clay

41. Perfect for carving and trimming.
Loop Tools
Perfect for carving and trimming.

42. Modeling Tools
Used for shaping and detailing the clay

43. shapes and smooths pots as they are being formed
Ribs
shapes and smooths pots as they are being formed