2. A definition from the Merriam-Webster Dictionary: in ven tion (n) Pronunciation: in-’ven(t)-sh&n 1: discovery, finding 2: productive imagination 3: (a): something invented, as (1): a product of the imagination, especially, a false conception, (2): a device, contrivance, or process originated after study and experiment. 4: the act or process of inventing Click on the Student to Continue the Presentation Click on Virginia Apgar to View the Sample Presentation

3. m Choose an inventor and begin your research. You may use the internet (see the list of websites on the next slide) or the Library to gather your information. m Remember to document ALL sources. Next Slide Previous Slide

4. Women Inventors in HistoryWomen Inventors in History - explores women inventors' contributions to American society and technology. Invention of the Laser at Bell Laboratories: 1958-1998Invention of the Laser at Bell Laboratories: 1958-1998 - learn the whole story, what lasers are, and why they are important. Includes biographies of inventors Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes. U.S. History Interactive: Eli Whitney (1765-1825)U.S. History Interactive: Eli Whitney (1765-1825) - biography of the inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts. The Invention Dimension: Inventor of the Week ArchivesThe Invention Dimension: Inventor of the Week Archives - Alphabetized (A-Z) list of inventors from the Lemelson-MIT Awards Program, Invention Dimension. Next Slide Previous Slide

5. Using the guideline sheet (on the next slide), highlight the information you need for your presentation. i.e. Next to the information you are going to use, indicate which slide you will use it on. Next SlidePrevious Slide

6.  Slide 1 - Presentation created By:  Slide 2 - Inventor’s Name  Slide 3 - Inventor’s Date and Place of Birth  Slide 4 - At Least 3 Sentences About Inventor’s Early Life  Slide 5 - At Least 3 Sentences About Inventor’s Adult Life  Slide 6 - Name of the Invention and Official Date it was Invented  Slide 7 - Written Description of the ORIGINAL Invention  Slide 8 - Media Slide: Video Clip, Sound Clip, Picture, or Other Related Media  Slide 9 - Future Innovation as a Result of this Invention (i.e. What have we been able to do since the invention that we could not do before it?)  Slide 10 - Bibliography Next SlidePrevious Slide Guideline Sheet Click on the Scroll for a printable copy of the Guideline Sheet.

7. Begin creating your slides. **DO NOT BEGIN YOUR SLIDES UNTIL THE TEACHER HAS APPROVED ALL OF YOUR RESEARCH!! Next SlidePrevious Slide

8. Your presentation must include: m 10 information-based slides, each containing the information specified on the guideline sheet m backgrounds m animations m slide transitions m multi-media m insertion of related sounds, music, or video (This media MUST complement your presentation- -it SHOULD NOT just be something that you think is cool.) Next Slide Previous Slide

9. Click on the Teacher to Return to the Directions Next Slide

10. Previous Slide

11. Virginia Apgar was a trailblazer: one of Columbia University’s first female M.D.s (1933), and one of the first American women to specialize in surgery. Frustrated by chauvinism during her internship, Apgar changed her focus to anesthesiology, which became a specific and separate medical discipline thanks to her. In 1949, she became Columbia’s first- ever full Professor of Anesthesiology. Next Slide Previous Slide

12. In 1959, Apgar was appointed Director of the March of Dimes. In that capacity, she continued her energetic efforts to improve the healthcare of infants and children. By the time of her death in 1974, Virginia Apgar was admired for her great contributions to society as well as to science. Next Slide Previous Slide

13. Apgar’s research on anesthesia and childbirth led to her greatest innovation: the Newborn Scoring System --better known as the “Apgar Score”-- for assessing the health of newborn infants, which she conceived in 1949, refined, and finally published in 1953. Next Slide Previous Slide

14. Apgar's system assigns a maximum score of 2 points each for 5 criteria: respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, heart rate, and color. The assessment is made at one and five minutes after birth (at fifteen minutes for babies born by cesarean section). A perfect score of 10 and 10 is rare in practice; but a score of at least 7 and 7 virtually guarantees a newborn's health. A lower score alerts obstetricians to the possibility of latent problems (e.g., hemorrhaging, asphyxia), which can then, if necessary, be detected and treated on the spot. Next Slide Previous Slide

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16. Apgar's diagnostic regimen has saved countless lives, and has long been a standard worldwide. The compliment of one famous physician holds true: "Every baby born in a modern hospital anywhere in the world is looked at first through the eyes of Virginia Apgar." Next Slide Previous Slide

17. Author Unknown. The Lemelson-MIT Awards Program’s INVENTION DIMENSION. 2000. http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA- H/apgar.html Mayeaux, Jr., M.D., E.J. “Apgar Scores”. 1994. http://lib- sh.lsumc.edu/fammed/intern.apgar.html Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. “WWWebster Dictionary”. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam- Webster Incorporated, 2000. Click on the Teacher to Return to the Directions Click on Virginia Apgar to Return to the Sample Presentation