1. Module II Soil Stabilization (SS) and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs
Topic
Overview I
Introduction II
Soil Stabilization (SS) and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs
III
Tracking, Wind Erosion, and Construction Site Management BMPs IV
Incorporation of Construction Site BMPs into the Design Process V
Final Wrap-Up
Module II
Soil Stabilization (SS) and Sediment Control (SC) BMPs
Let the class know we are on the second module and what it is.

2. Module II Objectives 2 Upon completion, the student will be able to
Understand potential erosion and sediment problems
Understand water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization (SS) and sediment control (SC) practices
Select BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process (PS&E level detail)
Identify Standard Special Provisions (SSPs) for selected bid line items
Let the class know the objectives of this module.
Upon completion, the student will be able to
Understand the potential erosion and sediment problems on construction sites
Understand the water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization (SS) and sediment control (SC) practices
Select appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process (PS&E level detail)
Identify Standard Special Provisions (SSPs) for SS and SC selected bid line items 2

3. Construction Activities and Storm Water
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Construction Activities and Storm Water
Construction projects tend to
Disrupt the existing area by exposing soils and changing drainage patterns
Store and use materials that contain or are themselves pollutants
Require ancillary activities that are potential sources of pollutants
Construction Activities and Storm Water
Construction projects tend to
Disrupt the existing area by exposing soils and changing drainage patterns 3

4. 4 See how beautiful this area is!
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
See how beautiful this area is! 4

5. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Now look how this construction project tends to disrupt the existing area! 5

6. Typical Construction Activities
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Typical Construction Activities
Clear and grub
Roadway clearing
Roadway/structure excavation
Channel excavation
Utility trenching
Dirt hauling
Grading
Soil/aggregate base stockpiling
Irrigation and planting
These are typical construction activities:
Clear and grub
Roadway clearing
Roadway/structure excavation
Channel excavation
Utility trenching
Dirt hauling
Grading
Soil/aggregate base stockpiling
Irrigation and planting
What potential storm water pollutants can these activities yield? The answer is on the next slide – sediment.
These construction activities expose soil, track soil into roadways, stockpile soils. Water added to unstabilized soil will mobilize that soil in the stormwater and create an adverse impact downstream.
What potential storm water pollutants can these activities yield? 6

7. Potential Construction Site Pollutants
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Potential Construction Site Pollutants
Sediment
The most common pollutant washed from construction sites, sediment clogs the gills of fish, blocks light transmission, and increases water
temperature, harming aquatic life and disturbing the food chain.
Sediment is the most common storm water pollutant washed from a construction site.
This slide addresses test question 5:
Which pollutant is most likely to be discharged from construction sites?
(A)Equipment and vehicle fluids.
(B)Cementitious materials.
(C)Sediment.
(D)Dewatering effluent.
(E)I don’t know. 7

8. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Problems with Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMP Implementation
Failure to install BMPs
Inappropriate BMP selection
Failure to use a combination of BMPs
Improper BMP installation
Inadequate maintenance during construction
The problems with soil stabilization and sediment control BMP implementation includes:
Failure to install BMPs
Inappropriate BMP selection and
Failure to use a combination of BMPs 8

9. Failure to Install BMPs
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Failure to Install BMPs
Since sediment is the major pollutant from construction sites, the timely installation of BMPs is imperative.
BMPs were not installed when they should have been to control this sediment discharge. 9

10. Inappropriate BMP Selection
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Inappropriate BMP Selection
There are limitations for each Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMP. Selecting the appropriate BMP for each application ensures success.
Neither the silt fence or the straw bales work well in concentrated flow as check dams. Note the large quantity of sediment down stream of the straw bales and the out flanking on either side. 10

11. Failure to Use a Combination of BMPs
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Failure to Use a Combination of BMPs
The lack of soil stabilization resulted in severe slope erosion. A combination of BMPs is required.
Sediment controls are not designed to hold back mountains. A combination is required and necessary to control sediment. Erosion controls should have been used to prevent sediment from detatching at the source to lighten the load on a sediment barrier (The silt fence in the photo).
Often these slope stabilization issues are also caused by “run on” issues from above. 11

12. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Types of Erosion
Explain the different types of erosion briefly. Splash erosion is the detachment of soil particles form rain drops hitting the soil. Sheet erosion is the detachment of soil particles from the movement of water once it starts to accumulate. Rill erosion is the detachment of soil particles from the start of concentrated flows. Gully erosion is a the larger concentrated flow erosion and channel erosion is the largest of concentrated flows. We will see that erosion controls have to be able to prevent these different types of erosion. Some BMPs work for a specific type of erosion and not others. 12

13. Water Pollution Control Strategies during Construction
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Water Pollution Control Strategies during Construction
Prevent storm water contact with disturbed soil areas (DSAs)
Protect DSAs from erosion
Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge
Control discharges of sediment from other sources
Prevent non–storm water discharges
Prevent storm water contact with other potential construction site pollutants
The BMPs that address the top three Water pollution control strategies during construction will be covered in this module:
Prevent storm water contact with disturbed soil areas (DSAs)
Protect DSAs from erosion
Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge
The others will be covered in Module III.
Test Question 4 is answered here. Stress that this does not include retaining storm water on site. 4. Which of the following is/are not considered a Water Pollution Control strategy for sediment?
(A) Place drip pans under construction equipment/vehicles on the project site.
(B) Protect disturb soil areas (DSAs) from erosion.
(C) Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge.
(D) All of the above.
(E) I don’t know. 13

14. Prevent Storm Water Contact with Disturbed Soil Areas
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Prevent Storm Water Contact with Disturbed Soil Areas
The BMP used to protect DSAs from rainfall is this one:
• Scheduling
But what is practicable to protect DSAs from rainfall are implementation of the following BMPs . . .
This is the ultimate erosion control – no rain contact with site, no erosion.
Scheduling Clearing and grubbing operations around the rainy season - Only clear what’s needed now or in the near future, after completion of a slope, apply final erosion control ASAP
Top right photo shows where some vegetation was left in place and they are working near the water body under the bridge outside the rainy season.
The bottom left photo is the application of a tackifier over straw, one of the BMPs that might stabilize soil if it is exposed during the rainy season. 14

15. Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Splash and Sheet Erosion
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Splash and Sheet Erosion
This is the BMP used to protect DSAs from these types of erosion:
Temporary soil stabilization
Soil stabilization is the prevention of erosion – either preventing splash erosion, sheet erosion or the range of concentrated flow erosion. Sediment controls trap sediment after erosion.
Soil Stabilization BMPs that protect Protect DSAs from erosion are:
temporary soil stabilization - place temporary soil stabilization as required by the tables
Hydraulic Mulch
Hydroseeding
Soil Stabilizers
Straw Mulch
Geotextiles, Mats/Plastic Covers and Erosion
Control Blankets
Important to use the appropriate stabilizer - based on the season, length of required service, soil type, slope inclination, proximity to impaired water courses, etc.
Photos – top left is applied hydraulic mulch, bottom left is plastic, bottom right is straw mulch. 15

16. Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Rill Erosion
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Rill Erosion
BMPs to protect DSAs from rill erosion are slope interrupter devices:
Gravel Bag Berms
Fiber Rolls
Use slope interruptors, fiber rolls and/or gravel bag berms to protect areas from rill erosion.
Photo shows how to use a type 2 fiber roll installation as a slope interruptor with a rolled erosion control product that is covering the soil.
The slope interrupter devices shorten the length of slope exposed to runoff before encountering another BMP. This slows the water and prevents it from gaining speed and force, spreads it out to prevent concentrated flow. This prevents the water from picking up soil. 16

17. Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion
BMPs used to protect DSAs from concentrated storm water flows are as follows:
Check Dams
Earth Berms and Dikes
Slope Drains
Outlet Protection Devices
Protect Disturbed Soil Areas from Gully and Channel Erosion
Top photo shows slope drains taking water from the top of slope to the concrete lined drainage channel at the bottom of the slope.
Bottom photo shows how a gravel bag berm can be used as a run-on control but at the same time is used as a runoff control.
Checks dams and outlet protection devices slow the flow to prevent flow from gaining force and picking up soil particles in the runoff.
Earth berms and dikes can’t prevent water from going down a slope and direct water to preferred drainage area. They can divert water away from areas.
These BMPs are important for storm water run-on controls from off-site sources. 17

18. Minimize Sediment in Storm Water before Discharge
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Minimize Sediment in Storm Water before Discharge
Linear Sediment Barriers
Silt Fence
Sandbag Barrier
Straw Bale Barrier
Fiber Rolls
Gravel Bag Berm
Sediment Removal Devices
Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Sediment/Desilting Basins
Water pollution control isn’t quite complete until the sediment treatment BMPs are in place (effective combination of soil and sediment controls)! Sediment controls are designed to detain storm water and settle out sediment. They should be placed at the downhill side of DSAs. Best if used in conjunction with a soil stabilization measure, which in many cases is required by the tables.
The upper picture shows a silt fence linear barrier at a toe of a slope.
Sediment removal devices, especially storm drain inlet protection should be used in combination with other controls and are the last line of defense.
The lower photo shows a Desilting basin (click to bring in pic) which are also an appropriate sediment control. In certain rainfall areas, this BMP may also be required by tables. THIS BMP IS NOT A SUBSTITE FOR A LINEAR SEDIMENT BARRIER OR SOIL STABILIZATION. Remember, calculations and overflow provisions are needed with any use of desilting basins.
Test Question 11. Which of the following Construction Site BMPs is/are NOT considered linear sediment barriers?
a) Silt Fence.
b) Gravel Bag Berms.
c) Sediment/Desilting Basin.
d) Both B and C.
e) I don’t know. 18 18

19. Example Project PS&E Phase 19 Roadway Widening Central Expressway
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Roadway Widening
Central Expressway
Widen from two to four lanes
Elevate roadway
Construct wall and bridge structures
Grade embankments
Purpose
Assess impacts and problem conditions
Select and deploy BMPs
Identify SSPs for separate bid line items
Note to Instructor: This example project is covered on the next several slides. Don’t try to select all the BMPs on this slide. Refer students to the Exercise tab where there is information on this project. Also, the Reference Tab contains a variety of forms that will be used to complete this exercise. See the Table of contents behind the tab to find the page number of the form.
During the sample project, emphasize identifying problems and choosing BMPs to counter the problem.
Remind the students that a variety of similar BMPs could be used in each situation. Select one and give reason.
Possible reasons: Less expensive, easier to install, contractor familiarity, district preference.
Example: Fiber roll or gravel bag berms make good linear controls. Temporary silt fence, on the other hand, is rarely installed correctly and would have to be removed before the end of the contract.
PS&E Phase 19
See Exercise Page 1

20. Additional Right of Way Bridge Structure
Embankment Slope
Access Road
Additional Right of Way
Bridge Structure
Retaining Wall
Drainage System 20
This project will complete the Central Expressway by widening the remaining two-lane portion to four lanes. The roadway will be raised and three of the intersections will be converted to undercrossings with new bridge structures. As the right of way is limited, a combination of 1:2 earth embankments and concrete retaining walls will be used.
For the purposes of this example, we’ll work with a single plan sheet representing the west end of the project. At this location, there will be grading for a new embankment slope and an access road will be built. Additional right of way has been obtained for a storm drain outfall near where the bridge structure will be replaced. A new drainage system will serve several roadway drain inlets. The ditch at the drainage outfall flows to Adobe Creek (Sheet P-2).
A new concrete retaining wall supports the south side of the roadway and wraps around to contain the abutment.
Commercial properties are to the north and south. A temporary construction easement (TCE) has been obtained to facilitate construction. This area will be used by the contractor for staging and material storage.

21. Project Information 21 Construction Activities Clearing and grubbing
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Project Information
Construction Activities
Clearing and grubbing
Structure excavation
Roadway excavation
Roadway grading
Cuts and fills
Note to Instructor:
During the sample project, emphasize identifying problems and choosing BMPs to counter the problem.
Remind the students that a variety of similar BMPs could be used in each situation. Select one and give reason.
Possible reasons: Less expensive, easier to install, contractor familiarity, district preference.
Example: A temporary straw bale barrier may be selected since it is readily available, and is expected to be abandoned in place. A temporary silt fence, on the other hand, is rarely installed correctly and would have to be removed before the end of the contract. 21

22. More Project Information
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
More Project Information
Construction Activities
27 acres of DSA
Four construction stages
Slopes from flat to 1:1.5
Slope lengths to 125 ft
Discharges to an urban channel – Adobe Creek an ESA (not on 303[d] list)
Remind the students that a variety of similar BMPs could be used in each situation. Select one and give reason.
Possible reasons: less expensive, easier to install, contractor familiarity, District preference.
Example: The soil at the site may have a lot of cobbles that could make driving long stakes for silt fence difficult. This could even be the case for the shorter stakes required for fiber rolls. It may be necessary to include gravel bag berms as an option but it might be prudent to warn the contractor that additional maintenance may be required because gravel bags may be degrade in the sun or break open.
Don’t use the following example in District 7.
Example: Temporary Straw Bale Barrier may be selected since it is readily available, and is expected to be abandoned in place. Temporary Silt Fence, on the other hand, is rarely installed correctly and would have to be removed before the end of the contract.
Designate appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs 22

23. What’s the first thing we want to do
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
There are no ESAs shown on this plan sheet. There may be some shown on the next sheet where the roadway crosses Adobe Creek. Even so, there is a stand of trees and existing vegetation which do not need to be removed in order for the project to be built.
We’ll include some orange plastic boundary fencing, Temp. Fence (Type ESA), to protect this area. We’ll add some text in the Order of Work SSP requiring the Contractor to install this early in the project.
What’s the first thing we want to do 23

24. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Has Caltrans developed any aids to assist the Designer with selecting appropriate Soil Stabilization and Sediment Control BMPs?
Yes. Take the class to Appendix E of the PPDG to the Construction BMP Consideration form, Page E-18. Or click and describe it on next slide.
This slide partly addresses Test Question 13.
With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs?
(A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form.
(B)Evaluation Documentation Form.
(C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form.
(D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form.
(E)I don’t know. 24

25. Construction Site BMP Consideration Form
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Construction Site BMP Consideration Form
This is the Construction Site BMP Consideration Form. It assists you in considering what is happening on your project in the selection of BMPs. This form steps you through project specific issues and helps identify which BMPs are appropriate to address those issues. You do not need to throw every BMP available onto all your projects. If you don’t have a particular issue, you don’t need the BMP to address it.
The form is from the PPDG Appendix E and is behind the reference tab on page 1.
The PPDG definition of Disturbed Soil Area (DSA):
DSAs are areas of exposed, erodible soil, including stockpiles, that are within the
construction limits and that result from construction activities.
This slide partly addresses Test Question 13.
With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs?
(A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form.
(B)Evaluation Documentation Form.
(C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form.
(D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form.
(E)I don’t know.
See Reference Material Tab
Page 1 25

26. Checklist CS-1, Part 1 26 3 27.1 ac (11 ha) 17.3 ac (7 ha)
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 1
Example Project
The next few slides will explain how to answer these questions. Question 2 has to be estimated using the plans. This relates to topography.
The CS-1, Part 1 checklists is from the PPDG Appendix E and is behind the reference tab on page 2. 3
27.1 ac (11 ha)
17.3 ac (7 ha)
7.4 ac (3 ha)
2.5 ac (1 ha)
12.4 ac (5 ha)
See Reference Material Tab
Page 2 26

27. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 1
Example Project
(Refer to Table 2-1 of the
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual.)
(Refer to Table 2-2, and
2-3 of the Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
Questions 3 and 4 refer to the BMP Manual. We will go there now. 27

28. 28 See Reference Material Tab Page 12
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Instruct the class to use this map to answer question #1 and #5 (CS-1 Part 1).
This map is from Figure 2-1 Designation of Rainy Seasons, in the Construction Site BMP Manual. It is in the reference Material Tab on page 12.
See Reference Material Tab
Page 12 28

29. 29 See Reference Material Tab Page 13
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Instruct the class to use this table to answer question #3 (CS-1 Part 1).
This is Table 2-1 Area Definitions Designation of Rainy Seasons, in the Construction Site BMP Manual. It is in the reference Material Tab on page 13. This table is used to cross reference the district with the area definition. Here, district 7 at an elevation less than 500 m is in area 4.
This is geography.
This slide also partly answers test question #1. Be sure to stress that the required combination of BMPs is based on geography and topography:
#1 To select the required combination of temporary soil stabilization and temporary sediment controls and barriers (Figure 2-1 and Tables 2-1 to 2-3), the designer needs which of the following information?
(A)Geographic location and project topography.
(B)Annual rainfall totals and soil classification for immediate area of the project.
(C)The average number of rainy days for the last five years.
(D)Both A and B.
(E)I don’t know.
See Reference Material Tab
Page 13 29

30. (5) 30 4 4 See Reference Material Tab Page 14
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
NON-ACTIVE DISTURBED SOIL AREAS
(5)
SOIL STABILIZATION (5) 4
SEDIMENT BARRIER
DESILTING BASIN
Instruct the class to use this table for question #4 (CS-1 Part 1).
Now, using Table 2-2 Non-Active Distrubed Soil Area, in the Construction Site BMP Manual (Reference Material Tab, Pg 14.) select the proper BMP for the topography on your site.
Explain how to do the first couple of questions until the class catches on. Have the second trainer walk around the class to make sure everyone understands the process. Give personal instructions when necessary.
This slide also partly answers test question #1. This table uses topography to determine the required combination as well as the geography for the rainfall area. See question in notes on next page. 4
NON-
RAINY
See Reference
Material Tab
Page 14 30

31. 31 4 4 See Reference Material Tab Page 15
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
ACTIVE DISTURBED SOIL AREAS (3)
SOIL STABILIZATION 4
SEDIMENT BARRIER
RAINY
DESILTING BASIN (2)
Instruct the class to use this table for questions #4 (CS-1 Part 1).
Now, using Table 2-3 Active Disturbed Soil Area, in the Construction Site BMP Manual (Reference Material Tab, Pg 15.) select the proper BMP for the topography on your site.
Explain how to do the first couple of questions until the class catches on. Have the second trainer walk around the class to make sure everyone understands the process. Give personal instructions when necessary.
This slide also partly answers test question #1. This table uses topography to determine the required combination as well as the geography for the rainfall area. Be sure to stress that the required combination of BMPs is based on geography and topography:
Test Question: To select the required combination of temporary soil stabilization and temporary sediment controls and barriers (Figure 2-1 and Tables 2-1 to 2-3), the designer needs which of the following information?
(A)Geographic location and project topography.
(B)Annual rainfall totals and soil classification for immediate area of the project.
(C)The average number of rainy days for the last five years.
(D)Both A and B.
(E)I don’t know. 4
NON-
RAINY
See Reference Material Tab
Page 15 31

32. Combination of Soil Stabilization and Sediment Controls and Barriers
Season
BMP
Non-Active DSAs
Active DSAs
Soil Stabilization
Slope Lengths All
Slope Inclinations All
None *
Rainy
October 1 - May 1
Sediment Barrier
Slope Lengths > 10’
Slope Inclinations > 2:1
Slope Lengths > 10’
Slope Inclinations > 2:1
This is a summary of what we just did using the tables.
Desilting Basin
None
Slope Lengths > 10’
Slope Inclinations > 2:1
Soil Stabilization
None
None
Non-
Rainy
May 2 - September 30
Sediment Barrier
None
None
Desilting Basin
None
None
* Except prior to predicted rain (Footnote 3)

33. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 1
Example Project 4
From the rainfall area table we fill in the answer to 3. We just reviewed the required combination of soil stabilization and sediment controls and barriers so we check complete.
We answer 5 based on the duration of the project, expected start date and the rainy season dates.
As we include multiple mobilizations we check complete. As we edit the order of work, we check complete. As we edit the permanent erosion or revegetation we check complete. 33

34. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 1
Example Project
6. Check yes since there are ESAs within or adjacent to the project. 34

35. 07-345 – Water Pollution Control
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Standard
Special Provisions
Example Project
– Water Pollution Control
The following contract items of work, as shown on the plans or specified elsewhere in these special provisions shall be incorporated into the SWPPP and identified as permanent water pollution control practices:
A. _____________________
B. _____________________
C. _____________________
There are no ESAs shown on this plan sheet. There may be some shown on the next sheet where the roadway crosses Adobe Creek. Even so, there is a stand of trees and existing vegetation which do not need to be removed in order for the project to be built.
We’ll include some orange plastic boundary fencing, Temp. Fence (Type ESA), to protect this area. We’ll add some text in the Order of Work SSP requiring the Contractor to install this early in the project.
The Contractor shall construct permanent water pollution control items identified in the SWPPP as specified in "Order of Work" of these special provisions. The Contractor shall maintain the permanent water pollution control items in the locations and condition shown on the plans throughout the duration of the project. 35

36. 07-345 – Water Pollution Control
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Standard
Special Provisions
Example Project
– Water Pollution Control
Rainy Season Implementation Requirements
The Contractor shall provide soil stabilization and sediment control practices during the rainy season between……..
Insert the rainy season dates. Can be taken from Figure 2-1 BMP Manual 2003.
During the defined rainy season, the active disturbed soil area of the project shall not be more than 5 acres. The Engineer may approve, on a case-by-case basis, expansions of the active disturbed soil area limit. 36

37. Standard Special Provisions 37 Scheduling Type BMPs
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Standard
Special Provisions
Scheduling Type BMPs
Move In/Move Out (Temp. Erosion Control)
Move In/Move Out (Erosion Control)
Order of Work (refs , , S5-760)
A complete list of SSPs is included in the reference material tab on Page 18.
Preservation of Existing Vegetation Type BMPs
Temporary Fence (Type ESA)
See Reference Material Tab
Page 18 37

38. 38 With the embankment protected, we’ll move to the other DSAs.
Sliver Fills and Retaining Wall: Since these areas are relatively flat and adjacent to existing landscaped areas, let’s try to get the permanent erosion control for these areas in early (wood chip and bark mulch).
Bridge Demo/Contractor Staging Area: These areas will constantly be disturbed throughout construction, so applying permanent measures is not practical. We need a soil stabilization BMP that can be reapplied on a regular basis. A hydraulic mulch consisting of paper fiber and polymer will work well here, possibly a stabilized fiber matrix. This could also be used on the sliver fills and wall construction zone if the permanent mulch can’t be spread in a timely manner.
Roadway: The compacted base is scheduled to be placed prior to the rainy season so a source control is not needed. 38

39. Checklist CS-1, Part 1 39 Example Project
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 1
Example Project 39

40. Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection BMPs
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection BMPs
Example Project
Temporary Soil Binder
Temporary Mulch
Temporary Hydraulic Mulch (Bonded Fiber Matrix)
Temporary Hydraulic Mulch (Polymer
Stabilized Fiber Matrix)
Temporary Erosion Control Blanket
Temporary Cover
Talk generally about the soil stabilization methods briefly. Some cover the soil, some bind to the soil, some prevent splash erosion, some prevent sheet erosion and rill erosion. Then click to the next slide that directs them to the temporary stabilization selection criteria matrix.
A complete list of SSPs is included in the reference material tab on Page 18.
Do all soil stabilization methods work the same?
See Reference Material Tab
Page 18 40

41. Temporary Stabilization Selection Criteria Matrix
TEMPORARY SOIL STABILIZATION CONTROL CRITERIA
CLASS
TYPE
Antecedent Moisture
Availability
Ease of Clean-Up
Installed Cost Per Ha
EC Effectiveness (%)
Degradability
Length of Drying Time
(hrs)
Time to Effectiveness
(days)
Longevity
Mode of Application
Residual Impact
Native
Runoff Effect
Water Quality Impact
CATEGORY: STANDARD BIODEGRADABLE MULCHES (SBM)
Straw Mulch
Wheat Straw D S H
$5,200
90-95 B 1 M
L/M +
Rice Straw L
Wood Fiber Mulch
Wood Fiber
$2,200
50-60
0-4
Recycled Paper Mulch
Cellulose Fiber
$2,100
Bonded Fiber Matrix
Biodegradable
$13,600
12-18
CATEGORY: ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS (RECP)
Jute Mesh
$16,000
65-70
UNK
Curled Wood Fiber
$26,000
85-90
P/B
Straw
$22,000
Coconut Fiber
$32,000
Coconut Fiber Mesh
$77,000
Straw Coconut Fiber
$27,000
Non-Biodegradable
Plastic Netting
$5,000
<50 P
Plastic Mesh
$8,000
75-80
Synthetic Fiber with Netting
$86,000
Bonded Synthetic Fibers
$121,000
Combination with Biodegradable
$79,000
CATEGORY: TEMPORARY SEEDING (TS)
High-Density
Ornamentals
S-M
$ $4000 28
M-L
L-M
N/E
Turf species
$900
M-H
Bunch grasses
$750 - $3200 N
Fast-Growing
Annual
$900 - $1,600
L-H
Perennial
$800 - $2000
Non-Competing
$700 - $4000
Non-Native
$ $1200 E
Sterile
Cereal Grain
$1,200
CATEGORY: IMPERVIOUS COVERS (IC)
Plastic
Rolled Plastic Sheeting
$17,000
100 -
Geotextile (Woven)
$14,800
CATEGORY: HYDRAULIC SOIL STABILIZERS (HSS)
(PBS) Plant Material
Guar
$1,000
80-85
0/+
M/L
Based- Short Lived
Psyllium
25-35
L/H
Starches
25-30
9-12
(PBL) Plant Material
Based- Long Lived
Pitch/ Rosin Emulsion
$3,000
60-75
19-24
(PEB) Polymeric
Acrylic polymers and copolymers
35-70
P/C
+/-
Emulsion Blends
Methacrylates and acrylates
35-40 W
Sodium acrylates and acrylamides
20-70
Polyacrylamide
55-65
4-8
Hydro-colloid polymers
25-40
(PRB) Petroleum/
Resin-Based Emulsions
Emulsified Petroleum Resin
10-50
0/-
(CBB) Cementitious
Based Binders
Gypsum
$2,000
75-85
Same as Length of Drying Time.
M/H
= not applicable for category, class or type
= unknown
Temporary Stabilization Selection Criteria Matrix
Table C-2 can be found in Appendix C of the PPDG.
The temporary stabilization selection criteria: antecedent moisture, availability, ease of cleanup, installed cost, erosion control effectiveness, degradability, length of drying time, time to effectiveness, longevity, mode of application, native, residual impact, water quality impact.
This Table is from the PPDG and is included as a handout in the reference material table page 16.
If you are not comfortable picking BMPs, there are many people on your team who can advise you in the selection of the right combination of BMPs for your site. (ie. Landscapers, construction RE.)
A variety of soil stabilization BMPs are compared using several selection criteria. These include installed cost, longevity of effectiveness, availability, mode of application, and water quality impact.
See Reference Material Tab
Page 16 41

42. Specify Soil Stabilization Type
Protect DSAs from splash and sheet erosion by applying soil stabilization BMPs 42
Adobe Creek
These are the embankment areas that we will specify a soil stabilization type for and we show the areas so we can estimate quantities.
With the embankment protected, let’s discuss other DSAs.
Sliver Fills and Retaining Wall: Since these areas are relatively flat and adjacent to existing landscaped areas, let’s try to get the permanent erosion control for these areas in early (wood chip and bark mulch).
Bridge Demo/Contractor Staging Area: These areas will constantly be disturbed throughout construction, so applying permanent measures is not practical. We need a soil stabilization BMP that can be reapplied on a regular basis. A hydraulic mulch consisting of paper fiber and polymer will work well here, possibly a stabilized fiber matrix. This could also be used on the sliver fills and wall construction zone if the permanent mulch can’t be spread in a timely manner.
Roadway: The compacted base is scheduled to be placed prior to the rainy season so a source control is not needed.

43. What’s next? Is there any help out there? 43
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
What’s next?
Of course. We go back to the Checklist CS-1, Part 1.
Is there any help
out there? 43

44. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 1
Example Project
The next category is slope interruptor devices. We will check off the completed items and then place them on the drawing to estimate quantity. 44

45. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 1
Example Project
The next category is channelized flow. We will check off the completed items and then place them on the drawing to estimate quantity. 45

46. Slope Interrupter and Channelized Flow BMPs
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Slope Interrupter and Channelized Flow BMPs
Slope Interrupter Type BMPs
Temporary Fiber Roll
Temporary Gravel Bag Berm
Here are the SSPs for slope interruptor and channelized flow type BMPs.
A complete list of SSP is included in the reference material tab on Page 18.
Channelized Flow Type BMPs
Temporary Erosion Control Blanket
Temporary Check Dam
SS Earth Dikes/Swales and Ditches
SS-10 Outlet Protection/Velocity Dissipation Devices
SS-11 Slope Drains 46

47. Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection by Slope Interrupter Devices
Installing fiber rolls along the contours at regular intervals is an effective method of decreasing slope length. There are not many temporary controls that can be used to reduce slope steepness.
Place fiber roll on slopes at the following spacing unless the plans show a different spacing:
 1. 10 feet apart for slopes steeper than 2:1 (horizontal:vertical)
2. 15 feet apart for slopes from 2:1 to 4:1 (horizontal:vertical)
3. 20 feet apart for slopes from 4:1 to 10:1 (horizontal:vertical)
4. 50 feet apart for slopes flatter than 10:1 (horizontal:vertical)
Apply appropriate devices to create slope breaks 47

48. DSA Protection by Controlling Concentrated Flows48
Protect DSAs from concentrated flows by applying
Dikes and berms
Slope drains
Check dams
DSA Protection by Controlling Concentrated Flows
Divert Runoff from DSA: Although we don’t plan to treat the roadway with source controls, it’s important to consider what is happening with the drainage and runoff. Since the pavement will not be in, the curbs and dikes will not be in place either. A storm could drop adequate rain to sheet flow across the grade. At a low point, it would concentrate and flow down the embankment eroding a gully.
In addition to the straw and tack, we need to protect the slope from concentrated flows. A berm constructed or earth or gravel filled bags, as shown here, would direct the flow to the drainage inlet. If the DI is not functional, then some sort of down drain or culvert should be considered.
One item to consider, in a project of this scope, all the work is not done at the same time and the conditions change, and route of concentrated flow changes as the work progresses. The BMPs must address concentrated flows prior to installation of inlets, and then inlet protection once the inlets are functional.

49. We’ve done what we can to keep sediment in its place
We’ve done what we can to keep sediment in its place Are we done selecting appropriate Construction Site BMPs for the erosion process?
Note: This is still the example project. Read the slide and click to the next slide for the answer. 49

50. Let’s select the appropriate sediment controls for our example project
No!!! We need an effective combination of soil stabilization and sediment control measures.
Remember the difference between erosion control (soil stabilization) and sediment control.
Erosion control prevents or slows the erosion process – source control.
Sediment controls trap sediment after soil particles are already detached by erosion.
Let’s select the appropriate sediment controls for our example project 50

51. Okay, where should the prudent Designer start?
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Okay, where should the prudent Designer start?
This slide with next slide addresses test question 13:
With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs?
(A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form.
(B)Evaluation Documentation Form.
(C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form.
(D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form.
(E)I don’t know. 51

52. Construction Site BMP Consideration Form
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Construction Site BMP Consideration Form
This slide with previous slide addresses test question 13:
With which form should the prudent Designer start while selecting Construction Site BMPs?
(A)Checklist CS-1, Part 1 Form.
(B)Evaluation Documentation Form.
(C)Construction Site BMP Consideration Form.
(D)Active and Non-Active Disturbed Soil Area (DSA) Protection Form.
(E)I don’t know.
See Reference Material Tab
Page 1 52

53. Checklist CS-1, Part 2 53 See Ref Tab Page 5
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 2
Example Project
Go through this part of the checklist with the class.
This slide addresses Test Question 11:
Which of the following Construction Site BMPs is/are not considered linear sediment barriers?
(A)Silt Fence.
(B)Gravel Bag Berms.
(C)Sediment/Desilting Basin
(D)Both B and C.
(E)I don’t know.
See Ref Tab
Page 5 53

54. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 2
Example Project
Go through this part of the checklist. Maybe have the class take turns reading. 54

55. Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Checklist CS-1, Part 2
Example Project
Go through this part of the checklist. Maybe have the class take turns reading.
(Refer to Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 of the Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual for rainfall area requirements.) 55

56. Sediment Control BMPs 56 Linear Barrier (Perimeter/Run-off Controls)
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
Sediment Control BMPs
Linear Barrier (Perimeter/Run-off Controls)
Temporary Fiber Roll
Temporary Silt Fence
Temporary Straw Bale Barrier
Temporary Gravel Bag Berm
07-XXX Temporary Sand Bag Barrier
A complete list of SSP is included in the reference material tab on Page 18.
07-XXX Temp San Bag Barrier is a Non Standard SSP. Non-standard edits (NSSPs) must be cleared through the Office of Storm Water Management Design (OSWMD) unless a different owner is noted. Some specifications only exist as NSSPs and always require HQ concurrence.
Here are the linear barrier BMPs.
11. Which of the following Construction Site BMPs is/are not considered sediment barriers?
(A)Silt Fence.
(B)Gravel Bag Berms.
(C)Storm Drain Inlet Protection.
(D)Both B and C.
(E)I don’t know.
See Reference Material Tab
Page 18 56

57. More Sediment Control BMPs
Potential Erosion and Sediment Problems
Water Pollution Control Strategies
Selecting Appropriate SS & SC BMPs
Example Project
More Sediment Control BMPs
Perimeter/Run-On Controls
SS Earth Dikes/Swales and Ditches
SC Fiber Roll
SC Gravel Bag Berm
SC Sandbag Barrier
SC Straw Bale Barrier
Some of these are repeats on purpose. For example, fiber rolls can be used as linear barriers for runoff control and as perimeter barriers for run-on control.
Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMPs
Temporary Drain Inlet Protection 57

58. Perimeter Controls – Run-off Control
Consider the trapping ability of
Linear sediment barriers
Perimeter controls 58
Here the perimeter control BMP is a temporary silt fence. It will function to trap sediment in runoff before it leaves the site.
Even though we have source controls and fiber rolls on the embankment slope, we can use a linear sediment barrier to trap sediment at the toe of slope. It is common to use silt fence, but a variety of measures have been identified for this:
Temporary Fiber Roll
Temporary Silt Fence
Temporary Straw Bale Barrier
Temporary Gravel Bag Berm
07-XXX Temporary Sand Bag Barrier
It is not the case here, but the toe of an embankment slope is often at the edge of the project (and right of way).

59. Perimeter Control – Run-on Controls
This project also requires a large construction easement. The need for constructions easements should be identified as early as possible in the planning process but no later than PA/ED.
Water that could run-on to the project needs to be controlled as well. Here, a perimeter barrier will direct the run-on away from the work area. Our BMPs for run-on are:
SS Earth Dikes/Swales and Ditches
SC Fiber Roll
SC Gravel Bag Berm
SC Sandbag Barrier
SC Straw Bale Barrier
Also, it appears there will need to be a temporary construction easement. It is the PEs responsibility to identify the areas and the need for an easement as early in the process as possible, certainly by PA/ED.
Route storm water around or through the construction site 59

60. Storm Drain Inlets 60 Identify existing drain inlets
Identify proposed drain inlets
Protect drain inlets 60
Although they are rarely at the physical perimeter, drainage inlets are usually the last point to trap pollutants before the storm water enters a municipal storm drain system or water body.
Here are the existing drain inlets.
The proposed drain inlets.
Drains to MS4.
Drains to Adobe Creek.
Add temporary drainage inlet protection to each inlet Temporary Drain Inlet Protection

61. Module II Summary 61 We have just covered the following topics:
The potential erosion and sediment problems on construction sites
The water pollution control strategies behind the selection of soil stabilization and sediment control practices
The selection of appropriate soil stabilization and sediment control BMPs using the Caltrans-developed process
Identifying SSPs that will be included in the PS&E process
Go through the summary of what was covered.
At the end of module IV, we will discuss how to estimate the costs for these BMPs for the PS&E phase. 61

62. Questions
-Any questions? 62

63. Can you believe it? A few more questions
In some cases, the permanent erosion controls may be installed early in a project when that area will not be disturbed and will serve to reduce erosion during the remainder of construction. (i.e. jute bags mesh on a slope.)
Fiber rolls, gravel bag berms, silt fence, sand bag barrier and straw bale barriers (Not District 7)
The water pollution control strategies for sediment are:
Prevent storm water contact with disturbed soil areas (DSAs)
Protect DSAs from erosion
Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge
Control discharges of sediment from other sources
Question 4. Which of the following is/are NOT considered a Water Pollution Control strategy for sediment?
(A) Place drip pans under construction equipment/vehicles on the project site.
(B) Protect disturb soil areas (DSAs) from erosion.
(C) Minimize sediment in storm water before discharge.
(D) All of the above.
(E) I don’t know.
Permanent Erosion Control (e.g. Erosion Control (Type D)) is not intended to be used as a Construction Site BMP?
Name a few sediment barriers (as intended in Tables 2-2 & 2-3).
What are the Water Pollution Control Strategies for sediment? 63