1. Kaplan University Professor Chad Rosa Unit 6
Welcome to CJ 101!!
Kaplan University
Professor Chad Rosa
Unit 6

2. Kaplan University
Once again, a few reminders………

3. Your Professor – Me  Minnesota – southern metro area
Over 18 years of criminal justice experience including: private security, state patrol, municipal patrol officer and school resource officer

4. Online Learning at KU KU stands for Kaplan University
Each class is 10 weeks long
Each week is called a Unit
Each unit has several graded items – check the gradebook!!

5. Online Learning at KU
Each unit/week starts on Wednesday & ends at 1159 pm EST on Tuesday
Start your work for each Unit early – DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

6. Online Learning at KU Want to be successful in my class?
The following are the secrets…

7. Reading
Each unit has a reading link – which tells you which chapter(s) to read
Electronic book/chapters in docsharing
PowerPoints –
Read both 
Start your work for each Unit early – DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

8. Discussion Questions Each unit has a discussion board question
Always answer the question with at least a 100 word response
Always “reply” to one other student for each question. Must give good input and thought – not “good post” etc

9. Quizzes Many units will have a quiz
You can always retake a quiz to get a better grade – most recent score is kept
However, quizzes are only open during the unit, never accepted late

10. Seminars EASTERN TIME No seminar during units 5 or 10
Participation & quality input
If you miss a seminar – alternate assignment to DocSharing, NOT Dropbox 

11. Seminars If you miss a seminar –
Review the instructions in the seminar link of each unit.
To receive credit for the seminar if you are unable to attend, you are required to write a 1 page paper summary on what we covered.
Review the seminar archive for additional information.
Submit your assignment using the Doc Sharing tab.
Select the option to send to your instructor only.

12. More Success
Go in to DocSharing and print out my example paper and EXACTLY follow that format
MUST write all papers in a Microsoft Word document
MUST write in Times New Roman size 12 font and double space
Cover/title page, body of text and reference page

13. Gradebook Always check your grade book
Click on each individual grade so you can read my comments
You can always redo and resubmit any work for a better grade – BUT only within ONE week
For example, you receive a low grade on your Unit 2 paper – you have until the end of Unit 3 to resubmit it if you want to

14. Late Work
Late work will only be accepted one week late – for up to full credit
After one week – no credit will be given

15. Unit 5 Recap!! Graded items: Midterm PowerPoint
Complete the StrengthsQuest Assessment

16. What do I have to do to complete this unit?
Read Chapters 9
Discussion Board – discuss SQ results
Attend the Seminar
Complete the Quiz

17. StrengthsQuest (SQ) Results
Lets talk about your SQ results
Everyone please list some of your strengths

18. StrengthsQuest (SQ) Results
How can you use those strengths for your schooling and/or career?

19. StrengthsQuest (SQ) Results
Everyone please give some examples of how a courtroom participant could use 1 or more of your strengths in their job……..

20. The Courts: Structure and Participants
Unit 6
The Courts: Structure and Participants
We examine the role of the judge in court proceedings and the responsibilities and jurisdiction of state, federal and appellate courts. The prosecutor and defense attorney serve different, but equally important functions in the administration of justice.

21. Unit 6 The development of the American court system
The differences between the state and federal court systems
About indigent defense, and how it is applied in the United States
The roles of expert and lay witnesses in a criminal trial, and describe how their testimony might differ
How professional and nonprofessional courtroom participants work together to bring most criminal trials to a successful close

22. Unit 6
Court System
Explain the concept of the dual-court system in America

23. America’s Dual Court System
The United States has courts on both the federal and state levels.
This dual system reflects the state’s need to retain judicial autonomy separate from the federal government.
Most criminal cases originate within state courts.

24. America’s Dual Court System
Identify some of the differences between the state and federal court systems
Everybody give it a shot!!

25. The State Court System Many differences among state courts
Most use the three-tiered structure
Trial courts of limited jurisdiction
Trial courts of general jurisdiction
Appellate courts
Court reform movement seeks to simplify and unify court structures
Most criminal cases originate within state courts

26. Typical State Court System

27. The State Court System Where criminal cases “begin.”
Bail hearings
Arraignments
Enters pleas
Conducts trials
Sentences
Two types of trial courts:
Courts of limited, or special, jurisdiction (lower courts)
Courts of general jurisdiction

28. The State Court System
State Trial Courts: Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
Authorized to hear:
Misdemeanors
Family disputes
Traffic violations
Small claims

29. The State Court System
State Trial Courts: Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
Lower courts:
Rarely hold jury trials
Do not maintain detailed records of proceedings (just charge, plea, finding, and sentence)
Less formal than higher courts

30. The State Court System
State Trial Courts: Courts of General Jurisdiction
Also called: high courts, circuit courts, or superior courts.
Formal courts that make full use of juries, witnesses, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and other actors.
Authorized to hear:
Any criminal case
Lower court appeals
Trial de novo (New trial)

31. The State Court System State Appellate Courts
39 states have intermediate and high-level appellate courts (courts of last resorts)
All states have supreme courts

32. The State Court System Appeals
Appeals are requests by a defendant to a higher court asking it to review the actions of a lower court
Some cases (involving death penalty or life sentences) are automatically appealed

33. The State Court System Appeals – the Results
Most convictions are confirmed
Some decisions are reversed and cases remanded
Recourse may be to a state supreme court
Generally, state supreme court is the court of last resort

34. The Federal Court System
Established by the U.S. Constitution
Article III, Section 1
“One Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”

35. The Federal Court System
Article III, Section 2
Federal courts are to have jurisdiction over cases arising under the Constitution, federal law, and treaties.
Federal courts are to settle disputes between states and to have jurisdiction in cases where one of the parties is a state.

36. The Federal Court System
What at the three Levels of federal courts?

37. The Federal Court System
What at the three Levels of federal courts?
U.S. Supreme Court
U.S. Courts of Appeals
U.S. District Courts

38. The Federal Court System

39. U.S. District Court There are 94 judicial districts
At least 1 district court per state
District courts in Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. Territories

40. U.S. District Court The trial courts of the federal system
Original jurisdiction over all cases involving alleged violations of federal statutes

41. U.S. District Court There are 650 district court judges.
Appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate
Serve for life
District court judges are assisted by magistrate judges, who:
Conduct arraignments
Set bail
Issue warrants
Try minor offenders

42. U.S. Supreme Court How many justices serve on the U.S. Supreme Court??
How does one become a U.S. Supreme Court Justice?

43. U.S. Supreme Court The U.S. Supreme Court consists of nine justices:
Eight Associate Justices
One Chief Justice
Justices are nominated by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and serve for life.

44. U.S. Supreme Court: Appeals
Of 5,000 annual requests for review, only about 200 are heard
Four justices must vote in favor of a hearing for a case to be heard
Usually the Court only reviews cases that involve a substantial federal question
The Court issues a writ of certiorari (order by a higher court) to a lower court
The Court reviews transcripts and hears brief oral arguments

45. U.S. Supreme Court: Appeals
Opinions of the Court
Supreme Court decisions are rarely unanimous
Types of opinions:
Majority—Justices agree in outcome and reasoning. This is the opinion of the court.
Concurring—Agree with outcome, but for different reasons
Dissenting—Disagree with outcome

46. Courtroom Work Group
Identify and explain the roles of the professional members of the courtroom work group?
Nonprofessional courtroom participants?

47. Courtroom Work Group Professional Judge Prosecuting attorney
Defense attorney
Bailiff
Court reporter
Clerk of the court
Expert witnesses
Non-Professional
Lay witnesses
Jurors
Defendant
Victim
Spectators
Press

48. Courtroom Work Group The Judge Primary duty  to ensure justice
Responsibilities include:
Ruling on most matters of the law
Weighing objections
Deciding the admissibility of evidence
Sentencing offenders
Disciplining disorderly courtroom attendees
Deciding guilt or innocence (for bench trials)

49. Courtroom Work Group The Prosecutor
Present the state’s case against the defendant
State has the burden of proof
Supervise staff of assistant district attorneys
Serve as quasi-legal advisor to police
Files appeals on behalf of the state
Makes presentations to parole boards

50. Courtroom Work Group
Explain the roles of expert and lay witnesses in a criminal trial, and describe how their testimony might differ

51. Courtroom Work Group Expert Witness
a person who has special knowledge and skills in an established profession or technical area. This person is usually a paid professional
unlike lay witnesses, they may express opinions and draw conclusions in their testimony

52. Courtroom Work Group Lay Witness May be: Are subpoenaed to appear
Non-expert witness
May be:
Eye witness
Character witness
Victim
Are subpoenaed to appear
Testify to that which they have direct knowledge of

53. Courtroom Work Group
How do professional and nonprofessional courtroom participants work together to bring most criminal trials to a successful close?

54. Unit 6 Requirements Read Chapter 9 Attend the Weekly Seminar
Respond to the Discussion Board – 100 word answer and respond to at least one other student
Take the Quiz
Complete everything by Tuesday at 1159pm EST

55. Good Night
That is all I have for tonight!! Have a great upcoming week!! 