1. Recovered Energy Generation
CHP
Waste Heat-to-Power Generation Workshop
March 2, 2005
University of California, Irvine
ORMAT Technologies, Inc.
980 Greg Street
Sparks, NV USA

2. Recovered Energy Generation
(REG)
Recovery of residual waste heat energy with conversion to commercial grade electrical power
Economical, practical conversion of heat energy into electrical energy
Use of various “heat engines” governed by the laws of thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics, heat engine efficiency is limited by the difference in the temperature of the heat source and the surroundings

3. Cogeneration CHP (Sequential use of energy)
Power Generation
Heat to Process
Fuel Combustion
Topping
Power Generation
Heat to Process
Fuel Combustion
Bottoming
Power Generation
Mechanical Work
Fuel Combustion
Heat to Process
Bottoming
Power Generation
Mechanical Work
Fuel Combustion
Bottoming?

4. Recovered Energy Generation
(REG) Target Criteria
Temperature of the heat source and cooling medium
Total available heat
State of heat source medium (Gas, Liquid, Condensable)
Corrosive or erosive nature of heat source
Consistency of heat source
Low local demand for heat energy
Demand for electrical power (Internal, External)
Site specific requirements (Space, existing power distribution, value of generated power, cooling medium)

5. Heat Sources for Recovered Energy Generation
Industrial and Process Plants
Cement, Glass, Petrochem, Mineral Processing, Pulp & Paper, Metals et al
Process Streams
Gases; >400F (204C)
Liquids; >200F (93C)
LP Steam (condensable vapors); any

6. Heat Sources for Recovered Energy Generation
Combustion Gases
Combustion Turbine Exhaust
Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations
Gas Processing Plants
Cogeneration (CHP)
Internal combustion engines

7. Heat Sources for Recovered Energy Generation
Combustion Gases
Incinerators
Biomass
Municipal waste
Thermal Oxidizers
Flares
Nuclear Waste?

8. ORMAT® Energy Converters (OEC) Typical Applications of Recovered Energy1
Application 2
Application 3
Application 4
Application 5
Application 6
Application 7
Heat Stream
Type
Chemical
Plant
Oil
Refinery
Pulp and
Paper Mill
Petrochemical
Plant
Cement Plant
Clinker Cooler
Diesel Generators
Gas Turbine
Bottoming
Location
Hot
Water
Liquid
Diesel Oil
Condensing
Low Pressure
Steam
Condensing
Hydrocarbons
(Top Vapors)
Exhaust
Gases
Charged
Air
Exhaust Gases
Flow Rate
(tons/hr)
320
156 13 85
196
203.8
198.5
295
Temperature
Inlet (oC) 95
184
105
104
275
365
172
463
Temperature
Outlet (oC) 70 80 80 85
125
110
106 92
Air Cooled
Condensers
Air Cooled
Condensers
Cooling Water:
Flow Rate
(Tons/hr)
750
700
1000
1000
1600
Design Point
Ambient
Design Point
Ambient
Inlet Temp. oC 10 20
13.5 27 28
Temperature
11oC
Temperature
2oC
Outlet Temp. oC 20 30 20 37 37
OEC Net Output
to Grid - kW
700
1070
930
780
1200
2950
5825
1032

9. US REG Market Potential Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Combustion Powered Compressors

10. US REG Market Potential Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Gas Turbine Powered Compressors
Over 1,400 simple cycle gas turbines for gas compression at more than 600 stations
10,000,000 installed 30% efficiency
932 MWe recovered energy potential
189 MCFD usage of natural gas avoidable
11,000 tCO2e/day of GHG could be offset

11. US REG Market Potential Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming on Cement Plants
Over 230 Cement kilns with 116 Cement Plant Locations
Average power production capacity of 4.5 MW from each kiln
500 MWe recovered energy potential
10,000 tCO2e/day of GHG could be offset

12. Qualified Energy Recovery
A “Green” Power Technology
NEVADA: AB 429 accepts “Qualified Energy Recovery” from non electrical generating sources such as mining processes, as eligible for RPS
NORTH DAKOTA: Pipeline Compressor GT Exhaust Gas Energy Recovery Is “eligible for green tags or green energy sales”
SOUTH DAKOTA: “Consider these projects as renewable energy resources”
OTHERS: Under Consideration in Many States

13. Economics Economics vary by application Heat source utilization
Physical configuration
Value of power generated
Capital cost
O & M cost
Return horizon

14. Waste Heat-to-Power Applications
CHP Applications
Geothermal Power Plants
Resource Recovery: Biomass
Heat Recovery - Pipelines
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery
Heat Recovery – Gas Plant
1473

15. Conclusions Proven, mature, reliable technology
Economically attractive compared to other new sources of power
Significant environmental benefits
Many existing opportunities in energy intensive industries, many potential new CHP and DG applications
Market is responding to opportunity