1. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria DESIGN AND BUILD PROJECTS IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION THE NATURE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA CONCEPT OF DESIGN AND BUILD RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DESIGN AND BUILD PROJECTS OTHER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT FINANCING METHODS IN NIGERIA CONCLUSION

2. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria INTRODUCTION Design and Build procurement method was first developed in 1960. Recently, it has become a common and preferred procurement method used for complex construction projects in Nigeria by developers aimed towards minimizing risk, especially when such projects involve numerous parties and organisation. However, Design and Build is defined as a method of project delivery in which one entity (Design and Builder) undertakes a single contract with the owner to provide for architectural or engineering design services and construction services

3. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THE NATURE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA The construction industry can be divided into three major segments. These include; Construction of building by Building Contractors, or General Contractors. These contractors build residential, industrial, commercial, and other buildings. The second category is the Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction Contractors that build sewers, roads, highways, bridges, tunnels, and other projects. Specialty Trade Contractors who perform specialized activities relating to construction such as carpentry, painting, plumbing, tiling, and mechanical and electrical works form the third segment.

4. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The construction industry operates in both the private and public sectors, engaging in three broad areas of activity; residential building, non-residential building and engineering construction. Demand for, and supply of, these services is driven by economic factors including population growth and consumer confidence, changes in interest rates and inflation. Most recently, government policies affecting housing and infrastructure projects have been an influence. The availability of resources, such as labour and building materials, and changes within closely linked sectors (e.g. agriculture, mining and manufacturing), also drive change in the industry.

5. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria CONCEPT OF DESIGN AND BUILD A number of construction agencies have been researching on a wide variety of innovative project delivery strategies aimed at lowering cost, time and quality. One of these strategies is design and builds project delivery. As earlier stated, Design and build was first developed in 1960 and has become a common and preferred procurement method used by developers to minimize risk in complex construction projects involving numerous parties and organisation. Design and Build is a system where one person, company or organization provides comprehensive service from the design to construction of the project with all the human resources secured in house.

6. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Similarly, design and build of the project can also be described as a project undertaken by a single entity which enables some part of construction work to begin before the final design is completed. It results to shortening of project duration and reduction of administration and inspection cost. It also reduces variation and claims.

7. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DESIGN AND BUILD PROJECTS Possible risks and events can cause a project to fail to meet its goals. They range in impact from trivial to fatal and in likelihood from certain to improbable. Since risk considerations dictate the path a development must take, it is expedient that those risks be catalogued candidly and completely Every building procurement method has basic characteristics that define its framework

8. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Irrespective of the procurement method, it is important to identify and assess the inherent risks so as to structure the risk management techniques to be adopted. Design and build is a risky system of project delivery for both owners and contractors expect if the risk is identified, analysed and managed throughout the project and determined how the risk should be shared among the parties involved. The risk analysis and management is an important tool for the success of design and build project

9. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria OTHER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT FINANCING METHODS IN NIGERIA Traditional method of construction refers to the Direct Method of construction in which the client (the owner of the construction project) engages the tradesmen to fix the construction without a coordinating contractor. In Direct Labour Method of construction, the client designs his building and call different tradesmen which do not form a team to work for him

10. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria CONCLUSION Traditional construction contracts have been tested for nearly 100years in the crucible of the twentieth century whereas Design and Build contracts have received little attention as a result the risks involved are less understood and contractual provisions for resolving them are less well settled. Design and build has a lot of inherent, unresolved and undefined cost related factors that result into risk that will affect its procurement. However, the risk is highly related to cost and time, while risk factors at construction are due to planning and design at the inception stage of the project