1. Bio Final Exam Study Guide

2. A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a. an organ. b. an organ system. c. a tissue. d. a division of labor.

3. Which of the following is an example of an organ. a. heart b
Which of the following is an example of an organ? a. heart b. epithelial tissue c. digestive system d. nerve cell

4. A The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. bilipids d. proteins

5. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane. a
Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods b. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates c. keeps the cell wall in place d. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell

6. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms. a
You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms? a. plants b. animals c. fungi d. bacteria

7. The primary function of the cell wall is to a
The primary function of the cell wall is to a. support and protect the cell. b. store DNA. c. direct the activities of the cell. d. help the cell move.

8. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells? a. mitochondrion b. ribosome c. chloroplast d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

9. Which organelles are involved in energy conversion. a
Which organelles are involved in energy conversion? a. mitochondria and chloroplasts b. mitochondria and ribosomes c. smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus and chloroplasts

10. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use(the powerhouse of the cell)? a. chloroplast b. Golgi apparatus c. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondrion

11. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates? a. structure A b. structure B c. structure C d. structure D

12. Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful. a
Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful? a. Golgi apparatus b. lysosome c. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondrion

13. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm? a. The cytoplasm is a fluid that fills the inside of the nucleus. b. The cytoplasm is an organelle that is usually found near the nucleus. c. The nucleus is an organelle that is surrounded by the cytoplasm. d. The nucleus is a fluid and it mixes with the fluid cytoplasm.

14. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus. a. stores DNA b
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus? a. stores DNA b. stores sugars c. builds proteins d. packages proteins

15. Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 1? a. The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus. b. The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus. c. The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus. d. The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.

16. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes. a. plants b
Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes? a. plants b. animals c. bacteria d. fungi

17. Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus? a. prokaryotes b. bacteria c. eukaryotes d. viruses

18. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote
Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know? a. The cell lacks cytoplasm. b. The cell lacks a cell membrane. c. The cell lacks a nucleus. d. The cell lacks genetic material.

19. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory. a
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory? a. Cells are the basic units of life. b. All living things are made of cells. c. Very few cells are able to reproduce. d. All cells are produced from existing cells.

20. Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them “cells”? a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek b. Robert Hooke c. Matthias Schleiden d. Rudolf Virchow

21. An organ system is a group of organs that a
An organ system is a group of organs that a. are made up of similar cells. b. are made up of similar tissues. c. work together to perform a specific function. d. work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism.

22. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? a. cell, tissue, organ system, organ b. organ system, organ, tissue, cell c. tissue, organ, organ system, cell d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system

23. Use the following figure and key to answer questions  Answer key: a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria c. nucleolus d. ribosome e. cell membrane ab. rough ER ac. golgi apparatus ad. smooth ER 23. Organelle D is ___ Organelle F is____ 25. Organelle I is ____ Organelle G is ____ 27. Organelle H is____ Organelle C is ___  

24. Plant cells have chloroplasts but not mitochondria. a. True b. False

25. According to the cell theory, all cells come from existing cells a
According to the cell theory, all cells come from existing cells a. True b. False

26. In plants, the chloroplast captures energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, whereas mitochondria convert chemical energy into compounds that are convenient for the cell to use. a. True b. False

27. The cell takes in food and water by exocytosis and eliminates wastes through its selectively permeable by endocytosis.
a. True b. False

28. Ribosomes that synthesize proteins are found on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
a. True b. False

29. Which of the following cannot be produced from the products of the Calvin cycle? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. All of the above can be produced from Calvin cycle products.

30. All organic molecules contain carbon atoms that ultimately can be traced back in the food chain to a. the bodies of heterotrophs. b. carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. c. water absorbed by plants. d. the carbon that comes from the sun.

31. During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called
the Calvin cycle.
b. the Krebs cycle
c. the energy flow.
d. Carbohydrate loading.

32. The dark reactions of photosynthesis a. require ATP and NADPH. b
The dark reactions of photosynthesis a. require ATP and NADPH. b. can occur in both light and dark conditions. c. generate glucose. d. All of the above

33. Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the dark reactions are a. oxygen and ATP. b. water and oxygen. c. ATP and NADPH. d. oxygen and NADPH.

34. The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is a. nitrogen. b
The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is a. nitrogen. b. Carbon dioxide c. water. d. oxygen.

35. The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
carbon dioxide.
water.
c. the air.
d. glucose.

36. When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level, a. they become a photon of light. b. they form a glucose bond. c. they enter an electron transport chain. d. carotenoids are converted to chlorophyll.

37. Heterotrophs are organisms that can a
Heterotrophs are organisms that can a. produce food from inorganic molecules and sunlight. b. survive without energy. c. consume other organisms for energy. d. carry out either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

38. Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is a. carbohydrates. b. water. c. the sun. d. carbon dioxide.

39. The process whereby plants capture energy and make complex molecules is known as a. homeostasis. b. evolution. c. photosynthesis. d. development.

40. The energy stored in food molecules in living cells is gradually released in a series of linked chemical reactions called a
a. reactant.
b. ATP generator.
c. chemical equation.
d. biochemical pathway.

41. Tiny packets of radiant energy are called
a. photons.
b. protons.
c. eons.
d. electrons.

42. When photons of light strike an object, the light may be
a. reflected.
b. absorbed.
c. transmitted.
d. All of the above

43. Chlorophyll is green because
a. it absorbs green wavelengths of light.
b. it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green.
c. photons of green wavelengths are reflected.
d. of an optical illusion caused by transmitted light.

44. Flower petals have a variety of colors other than green because they possess
a. chlorophyll.
b. carotenoids.
c. pigments that reflect green.
d. chloroplasts.