1. Chapter 8 Notes

2. Energy Flows Between Living Things Photosynthesis- process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy. Autotrophs-organisms that use energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to make organic substances (ex: sugar)

3. Heterotrophs— organisms that must get their energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or other inorganic substances

4. Cellular Respiration Metabolic process that uses food and oxygen to make energy (ATP)

5. ATP a portable form of energy “currency” inside the cells. The energy released from ATP powers chemical reactions in your cells.

6. ATP releases energy when the bond between one of the 3 phosphates breaks, forming ADP (diphosphate). As the bond breaks, energy is released that the cell can use.

7. Photosynthesis- Light Reactions 1.Sunlight strikes the chlorophyll located in the chloroplast in the plant. 2.This activates a system that splits H 2 O into hydrogen and oxygen; oxygen is released.

8. Light Reactions continued 3. “ Excited” electrons move through the electron transport chain and produce molecules of ATP and NADPH.

9. Photosynthesis- Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle) 1. CO 2 is “fixed” to a compound to form a simple sugar 2. Two of these simple sugars combine to form glucose.

10. 3. Glucose is stored in the plant in many ways: Chemical energy for plant Fruits Vegetables

11. The Equation for Photosynthesis Reactants: CO 2 (carbon dioxide) + H 2 O (water) Products: C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) + O 2 (oxygen)

12. CO 2 H2OH2O SUNLIGHT Fig. 7-6c, p.111 O2O2 light- dependent reactions light- independent reactions sugars CHLOROPLAST NADPH, ATP NADP +, ADP Summary of Photosynthesis