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Published byAnabel Fowler Modified over 9 years ago
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General Physics Momentum and Impulse
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Recall Newton’s First Law Inertia was introduced and is the reason that objects follow the first law. What is Inertia? The resistance to a change in motion. From your experience, is it harder to move an object at rest, or stop a moving object? Does inertia increase because an object is moving?
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Momentum Newton realized that there is a difference between stationary and moving objects. Newton called this Momentum, which he described as the “quantity of motion”. The Momentum (p) of an object is the product of its mass and velocity.
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Momentum Momentum is a vector quantity and is in the same direction as the velocity. The units of momentum are kg m/s.
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Momentum in Action Is it more difficult to change the motion of a large object or a small object? Is it more difficult to change the motion of a slow moving or fast moving object? Is it more difficult to stop a slow moving bowling ball or a fast moving softball?
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Momentum and Mass Don’t confuse momentum with mass. A large mass does not necessarily mean a large momentum. How much momentum does a loaded freight train have when at rest? None!! A flying insect has more momentum.
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Changes of Momentum An object’s momentum can change by gaining or losing mass or speed. However it is much more likely that it will be a change in speed. What is required to change an object’s speed? A Force! According to Newton’s Second Law.
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Force and Momentum An applied force changes momentum. The larger the force, the bigger the change in momentum. But it is not that simple. The time for which the force is applied is also important. The longer the time, the greater the change.
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Impulse The product of the applied force and the time over which it is applied is called Impulse. The units of measure are the Newton second (Ns). The greater the impulse, the greater the change in momentum.
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Impulse and Momentum An Impulse causes a change in momentum. The impulse imparted to an object is equal to the change in momentum created.
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Review Momentum – the “quantity of motion” The product of an object’s mass and velocity. Impulse – required to change momentum The product of force and time Equal to the change in momentum.
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