Physics Midterm Review 2012. Terms - Measurements time elapsed = duration of an event – there is a beginning, a middle, and an end to any event. distance.

Physics Midterm Review 2012

Terms - Measurements time elapsed = duration of an event – there is a beginning, a middle, and an end to any event. distance = path length displacement = change in position mass = measure of inertia or resistance to change in state of motion

Calculated Values speed – distance as a function of time velocity – change in position as a function of time acceleration – change in velocity as a function of time centripetal acceleration – Quotient of the velocity squared and the distance from the center of rotation momentum – product of mass and velocity change in momentum = Impulse = change in the product of mass and velocity force = change in momentum per unit of time

Calculated Values Weight = Force due to Gravity = product of mass and acceleration due to gravity Universal Gravitational Force is directly proportional to the universal gravitational constant, the mass of one object, the mass of another object and inversely proportional to the distance between the center of the objects squared work – product of parallel component of the force and distance the force is applied through Kinetic energy – product of ½ the mass and the velocity squared.

Calculated Values Weight = Force due to Gravity = product of massand acceleration due to gravity Universal Gravitational Force is directly proportional to the universal gravitational constant, the mass of one object, the mass of another object and inversely proportional to the distance between the center of the objects squared work – product of parallel component of the force and distance the force is applied through Kinetic energy – product of ½ the mass and the velocity squared.

Calculated Values Power = work done per unit of time Power = energy transferred per unit of time Pressure= Force per unit area Torque = product of perpendicular component of force and distance the force is applied to the center of rotation moment of Inertia – sum of the product of the mass and the distance from the center of rotation squared

Mechanics Final velocity = initial velocity added to the product of the acceleration and time accelerating. Formula: v = v o + at Units: m = m + m (s) s s s 2 Relationships: Therefore the final velocity is directly related to the acceleration. It is also directly related to the time accelerating.

Mechanics Final position is equal to the initial position added to the product of the initial velocity and the time elapsed and the one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula x=x o + v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m + m (s) m s 2 s s 2 The displacement is equal to the product of the initial velocity and the time elasped and the one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula  x = v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m (s) m s 2 s s 2 If the initial velocity is zero the displacement is directly related to the square of the time accelerating

Mechanics Final position is equal to the initial position added to the product of the initial velocity and the time elapsed and the one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula x=x o + v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m + m (s) + m s 2 s s 2 The displacement is equal to the product of the initial velocity and the time elasped and the one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula  x = v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m (s) m s 2 s s 2 If the initial velocity is zero the displacement is directly related to the square of the time accelerating

Mechanics Final position is equal to the initial position added to the product of the initial velocity and the time elapsed and the one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula x=x o + v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m + m (s) + m s 2 s s 2 The displacement is equal to the product of the initial velocity and the time elapsed and the one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula  x = v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m (s) m s 2 s s 2 If the initial velocity is zero the displacement is directly related to the square of the time accelerating

Mechanics Final position is equal to the initial position added to the product of the initial velocity and the time elapsed and the one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula x=x o + v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m + m (s) + m s 2 s s 2 The displacement is equal to the product of the initial velocity and the time elapsed and one half the product of the acceleration and time accelerating squared Formula  x = v o t + ½ at 2 Units m =m (s) m s 2 s s 2 If the initial velocity is zero the displacement is directly related to the square of the time accelerating

Mechanics Final Velocity Squared equals the Initial velocity squared added to the product of the acceleration and the displacement. Formula: v 2 = v o 2 + 2 a  x m 2 m 2 m m s 2 s 2 s 2 Very Useful because the relationships between final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration and displacement can be determined without knowing the time elasped

Mechanics Vector sum of the forces is equal to the net force which is equal to the product of the mass of the object and its acceleration. Formula:  F = F net = m a Units: N = kg m s 2 Noncontact – Gravitational, Electromagnetism, Nuclear Contact – Normal, Friction, Tension

Mechanics Force due to friction is less than or equal to the product of the coefficient of friction and the normal force Formula F fr <  F N Units N N Therefore – Coefficient of friction is equal to the ratio of the normal force to the frictional force Formula  = F fr F N Units  = None – it is a ratio of the frictional force to the normal force

Mechanics Centripetal Acceleration is quotient of the velocity squared and the radius of its path Formula: a c = v 2 r Units m = (m/s) 2 s 2 m The magnitude of the velocity does not change The direction of the object continually changes towards the center of rotation The velocity vector is directed tangent to its path The acceleration vector is directed to the center of rotation The force vector that causes this motion is perpendicular to the velocity vector. The force vector is also directed towards the center of rotation

Mechanics The Torque is equal to the product of the force, distance that force is applied to the center of rotation and the sin of the angle that force is applied Formula  = F r sin  Units N m = N m No work is done because the force is applied perpendicular to the displacement

Mechanics Momentum equals the product of the mass and the velocity of the object Formula p = m v Units kg m = kg m s s Momentum before equals momentum after p o =p Called the conservation of momentum

Mechanics Impulse equals the change in momentum equals the product of the Force and the time that force acts. Formula J = F  t =  p Units Ns = N s = kg m s Force equals the quotient of the change in momentum and the time the force acts on the object Formula F =  p t Units N = kg m = kg m s s s 2

Mechanics Impulse equals the change in momentum equals the product of the Force and the time that force acts. Formula J = F  t =  p Units N s = N s = kg m s Force equals the quotient of the change in momentum and the time the force acts on the object Formula F =  p t Units N = kg m = kg m s s s 2

Mechanics Kinetic energy equals one half the product of the mass and the velocity squared of the object Formula k = ½ mv 2 Units J = kg m 2 = N m s 2 Relationship The kinetic energy varies directly as the square of the velocity Kinetic Energy is a scalar quantity

Mechanics Change in gravitational potential energy is equal to the product of the objects mass, acceleration due to gravity, and the vertical displacement of the object. Formula  U g = m g  y Units J = kg m m s 2 The gravitation potential energy equals the product of the mass, acceleration due to gravity, and the vertical position of the object.

Mechanics Work is equal the product of the force the distance the object moves and the cosine of the angle the force is applied. Formula: W = F d cos  Units: J = N m = kg m m s 2

Mechanics Power is equal to the quotient of the work and the time the work is done in. Formula P = W t Power is equal to the quotient of the energy transferred and the time the energy is transferred in. Formula P =  U or  k t t Units Watts = Joules = N m = kg m m sec s s 2 Power is equal to the product of the average force multiplied, the velocity of the object, and the cos of the angle that the force is applied. Formula P = F v cos  Units Watts = N m = J = kg m m s s s 2 Units Work done or Energy Transferred equals the product of the Power and time the work is done in or energy is transferred in Formula Work = Power x time or Energy = Power x time U = P t W=Pt  k=Pt Units J = = Watts sec

Mechanics Power is equal to the quotient of the work and the time the work is done in. Formula P = W t Power is equal to the quotient of the energy transferred and the time the energy is transferred in. Formula P =  U or  k t t Units Watts = Joules = N m = kg m m sec s s 2 s Power is equal to the product of the average force multiplied, the velocity of the object, and the cos of the angle that the force is applied. Formula P = F v cos  Units Watts = N m = J = kg m m s s s 2 Units Work done or Energy Transferred equals the product of the Power and time the work is done in or energy is transferred in Formula Work = Power x time or Energy = Power x time U = P t W=Pt  k=Pt Units J = = Watts sec

Mechanics Power is equal to the quotient of the work and the time the work is done in. Formula P = W t Power is equal to the quotient of the energy transferred and the time the energy is transferred in. Formula P =  U or  k t t Units Watts = Joules = N m = kg m m sec s s 2 s Power is equal to the product of the average force multiplied, the velocity of the object, and the cos of the angle that the force is applied. Formula P = F v cos  Units Watts = N m = J = kg m m s s s 2 s Units Work done or Energy Transferred equals the product of the Power and time the work is done in or energy is transferred in Formula Work = Power x time or Energy = Power x time U = P t W=Pt  k=Pt Units J = = Watts sec

Mechanics Restorative Force of a Spring is equal to the negative product of the spring constant and the displacement Formula F s = - Kx Units N N m m Potential energy associated with a spring is equal to one half the product of the spring constant and the displacement squared. Formula U s = ½ k x 2 Units Joule(J) = N m 2 = N m m The Period of Oscillation of a spring is equal to the product of 2  and the quotient of the square root of the mass attached to the spring and the spring constant Formula T s = 2  m Units = sec = kg or kg m or kg m or s 2 k N N kg m m s 2 The Period of Oscillation is inversely proportional to its frequency Formula T = 1 f Units sec = 1 or 1 hz (cycle) sec

Mechanics The period of oscillation of a pendulum is equal to the product of 2 p and the square root of the quotient of the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity. Formula T p = 2  l Units = sec = m or s 2 g m s 2 The Period of Oscillation is inversely proportional to its frequency Formula T = 1 f Units sec = 1 or 1 hz (cycle) sec

Mechanics The force due to gravity is equal quotient of the the product of the universal gravitational constant the, mass of one object, mass of a second object and the distance between the objects squared Formula F g = G mm r 2 Units N = 6.67x10 -11 N m 2 kg kg kg 2 m 2 The Weight which equals the force due to gravity near the surface of a planet is equal to the product of the mass and the acceleration due to gravity Formula W = F g = mg Units N = N = kg m s 2

Mechanics The gravitational potential energy is equal quotient of the product of the universal gravitational constant the, mass of one object, mass of a secondobject and the distance between the objects Formula U g = G mm r Units Joules= 6.67x10 -11 N m 2 kg kg = N m kg 2 m The gravitational potential energy near the surface of a planet is equal to the product of the mass and the acceleration due to gravity and the vertical position of the object. Formula U g = m g y Units:Joules = kg m m= N m s 2

Mechanics Lab Experiences Run Out Back– time,distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration are dependent on: measurements of: distance traveled or displacement, time elapsed v s = d v =  x a = v - v o t t t

Mechanics Labs-Graphical Analysis Vertical Jump Lab Cart up and Down Incline Position as a function of time graphs Velocity as a function of time graphs Acceleration as a function of time graphs x t V Constant,stopped a t t

Kinematic Equations - Projectiles Horizontal motion of a cart Vertical motion of dropped object Horizontally fired projectile v ox =v x =v o cos  Ground to ground fired projectile v oy =v o sin  X and Y positions as a function of time Y and X positions at maximum height Ground to cliff firing Cliff to ground firing

Kinematic Equations – Graphical and Analytic Solutions – Vector Quanitites Force Table X comp Y comp Sum of x Sum of y Resultant – Pythagorean theorem Tan y/x – Direction of resultant Tip to tail – Graphical analysis

Dynamics Fan Cart F=ma Cart Pulley Falling Mass m f g = a (m c + m f ) Block Pulley Falling Mass m f g -  m c g= a (m c + m f ) Cart on incline mgsin  = F parallel mgcos  =F perpendicular Block on Incline mgsin  =  mgcos  =F friction Stationary block on incline  mgcos  mgsin  Elevator lab-at rest, constant up, constant down accelerating up, coming to rest down accelerating down, coming to rest up Object 1 Pulley Heavier Object 2 m h g = a ( m h +m l ) Cart, Block on incline Pulley Falling Mass

Uniform Circular Motion Ball on String 2  r(rev) =v mv t Coin on Turntable Penny on Rotating Wall Car in hot wheel track Interactive Physics:  Earth Satellite  Earth Satellite Moon  Earth Geostationary Satellite Moon  Sun Earth Satellite Moon System  Bipolar Star System

Work / Energy / Power  U g mgy–mgy o  k = ½ mv 2- ½ mv o 2  U s = ½ kx 2 -½ kx o 2 Spring Cart Lab: E.P.E. to K.E. ½ kx 2 = ½ mv 2 Cart on Incline: G.P.E. to K.E. lab mg  y = ½ mv 2 Rollercoaster Interactive Physics: G.P.E. to K.E. lab Bow Lab : Work to E.P.E. to K.E. Force varies with distance = Work equals area under Force vs distance Power Lab: Wrist Roll, Sprint, Stair Climb P = mg  y P =  k = ½ mv 2- ½ mv o 2  t  t Electric Motor: P = IV and P output =  K.E +  G.P.E  t Trampoline Interactive Physics: G.P.E. to K.E to E.P.E – G.P.E

Conservation of Momentum Elastic Collision of light onto stationary heavy m L v oL = m L v L + m H v bounce back go forward p o =p k o =k Elastic Collision of heavy onto stationary light m H v oH = m H v H + m L v L both go forward p o =p k o =k Elastic Collision of heavy onto stationary heavy m H1 v oH1 = m H2 v H2 stop and go p o =p k o =k Elastic Head on Collisions of light onto light m L v oL1 + m L v oL2 = m L v L1 + m L v L2 switch p o =p k o =k Inelastic collision of light onto stationary heavy m L v oL = (m L + m H ) v LH Stick p o =p k o > k Inelastic collision of heavy onto stationary light m H v oH = (m H + m L ) v HL Stick p o =p k o >k

Conservation of Momentum Off center Collisions p ox = p x and p oy = p y If you start with only x momentum then any y momentum generated in one particle must be cancelled by the y momentum of another particle. Ballistic Sled Momentum conservationenergy conservation mv ob = ( m b + m s )v bs ½ (m b + m s )v bs 2 =  (m b + m s )gd Ballistic Pendulum Momentum conservationenergy conservation mv ob = ( m b + m p )v bp ½ (m b + m p )v bp 2 = (m b + m s )g  y

Impulse Change in Momentum Stiff Spring Soft Spring Rubber Bumper Magnetic bumper Force as a function of time graph analysis Rocket Thrust Analysis Newton's Third Law Connection to Change in momentum F t t Impulse = J = F  t =Change in momentum in N s = Area under the curve t t

Torque Interactive Physics Force applied at different distances from the center of rotation Force applied at different angles Clockwise and Counterclockwise Torque Problems ?

Moment of Inertia – Rotational Inertia Momentum of Inertia Demonstrations with rotating disk and rotating loop on an incline Balancing objects that are close to the center of rotation Balancing objects further from the center of rotation

Periodic Motion Simple harmonic motion of springs – interactive physics Simple harmonic motion of pendulums – Interactive physics Tp = 2  l T s = 2  m g k

Fluid Dynamics Pressure Pascals Principle Bouyant force

Fluids Can be Liquids Gases Because they can Flow

Fluid Pressure Scalar quantity Force acting perpendicular to and distributed over a surface, divided by the area of that surface P= F A

Scalar Pressure Pressure has magnitude but no Direction. The force exerted by a fluid at rest is always perpendicular to that surface P = F = Pascals = N = kg m = kg A m 2 m 2 s 2 m s 2

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg =  V g =  Ah g =  gh A A A A P =  gh

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg = m  g h = m gh =  gh A A A h V P =  gh

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg = mgh  V g =  Ah g =  gh A A Ah A P =  gh

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg = mgh = m gh =  gh = A A Ah V P =  gh

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg = mgh = m gh =  gh A A Ah V P =  gh

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg = mgh = m gh =  gh A A Ah V P guage =  gh

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg = mgh = m gh =  gh A A Ah V P guage =  gh P absolute = P oatmosphere +  gh

Gravity and Pressure Fg = mg  m V V = Ah (for a cylinder) P= F = mg = mgh = m gh =  gh A A Ah V P guage =  gh P absolute = P o(atmosphere) +  gh

Pressure In a Container The pressure at every point at a given horizontal level in a single body of fluid at rest is the same. _____ pressure _____ pressure

Pressure In a Container The pressure at every point at a given horizontal level in a single body of fluid at rest is the same. Low pressure High pressure

Pascals Principle An external pressure applied to a fluid confined within a closed container is transmitted… undiminished throughout the entire fluid

Hydraulic Lifts F o = F Force output = Force input A o A Area output Area input large output force = small input force large output area = small input area A o =y (y=piston displacement) A y o

Bouyancy P = F A F B = A P 2 – A P 1 F B = A(  gh) h= height of the object F B =  gAh =  gV

Bouyancy F B =  gAh =  gV F B =  Vg = m V g V F B = mg =weight of fluid displaced An object immersed in a fluid will be lighter (buoyed up) by an amount equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

Streamline Flow Characterized by ________path Path called a________ Streamlines ________cross

Equation of Continuity

Volume in

Equation of Continuity Volume in Volume out Volume in = Rate In = Rate Out = Volume out time time A 1 h 2 t A 2 h 2 t A 1 v 1 A 2 v 2

Equation of Continuity A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2 The product of any cross-sectional area of the pipe and the fluid speed at that cross-section is constant. Conservation of matter.

Equation of Continuity A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2 The condition Av = a constant is equivalent to the fact that the amount of fluid that enters one end of the tube in a given time interval ________ the amount of fluid leaving the tube in the same interval assuming the absence of leaks.

Equation of Continuity A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2 The condition Av = a constant is equivalent to the fact that the amount of fluid that enters one end of the tube in a given time interval equals the amount of fluid leaving the tube in the same interval assuming the absence of leaks.

Bernoulli's Equation 1738 Daniel Bernoulli derived an equation that related ________and ________to Fluid pressure It is an equation based on the Conservation of________

Bernoulli's Equation 1738 Daniel Bernoulli derived an equation that related Fluid speed and elevation to fluid pressure It is an equation based on the conservation of energy

Bernoulli's Equation Elevated Large cross sectional area Small cross sectional area

Bernoulli's Equation P = V = W 1 = W 2 =

Bernoulli's Equation P = F A V = W 1 = W 2 =

Bernoulli's Equation P = F A V = Ah W 1 = W 2 =

Bernoulli's Equation P = F A V = Ah W 1 = F 1 h = P 1 A 1 h 1 = P 1 V W 2 =

Bernoulli's Equation P = F A V = Ah W 1 = F 1 h = P 1 A 1 h 1 = P 1 V W 2 = F 2 h 2 = P 2 A 2 h 2 = P 2 V

Bernoulli's Equation W 2 = W = Work goes into changing the gravitational potential energy and part goes into changing the kinetic energy

Bernoulli's Equation W 2 = F 2 h 2 = P 2 A 2 h 2 = P 2 V W = Work goes into changing the gravitational potential energy and part goes into changing the kinetic energy

Bernoulli's Equation W 2 = F 2 h 2 = P 2 A 2 h 2 = P 2 V W = P 1 V – P 2 V Work goes into changing the gravitational potential energy and part goes into changing the kinetic energy

Bernoulli's Equation P 1 V – P 2 V = ½ mv 2 2 – ½ mv 1 2 + mgy 2 – mgy 1 Divide each term by ________to get P 1 – P 2 = ½  v 2 2 – ½  v 1 2 +  gy 2 –  gy 1

Bernoulli's Equation P 1 V – P 2 V = ½ mv 2 2 – ½ mv 1 2 + mgy 2 – mgy 1 Divide each term by Volume to get P 1 – P 2 = ½  v 2 2 – ½  v 1 2 +  gy 2 –  gy 1

Bernoulli's Equation Change in K.E = ½ mv 2 2 – ½ mv 1 2 Change in G.P.E = mgy 2 – mgy 1 Work = P 1 V – P 2 V P 1 V – P 2 V = ½ mv 2 2 – ½ mv 1 2 + mgy 2 – mgy 1

Bernoulli's Equation P 1 – P 2 = ½  v 2 2 – ½  v 1 2 +  gy 2 –  gy 1 Move small cross sectional terms to the ________side and large cross sectional terms to the ________side P 1 + ½  v 1 2 +  gy 1 = P 2 + ½  v 2 2 +  gy 2 P + ½  v 2 +  gy = Constant

Bernoulli's Equation P 1 – P 2 = ½  v 2 2 – ½  v 1 2 +  gy 2 –  gy 1 Move small cross sectional terms to the left side and large cross sectional terms to the right side P 1 + ½  v 1 2 +  gy 1 = P 2 + ½  v 2 2 +  gy 2 P + ½  v 2 +  gy = Constant

Bernoulli's Equation P + ½  v 2 +  gy = Constant The sum of the pressure, the kinetic energy per unit volume and the potential energy per unit volume has the ________value at all points along a streamline

Bernoulli's Equation P + ½  v 2 +  gy = Constant The sum of the pressure, the kinetic energy per unit volume and the potential energy per unit volume has the same value at all points along a streamline

Bernoulli's Equation P 1 + ½  v 1 2 +  gy 1 = P 2 + ½  v 2 2 +  gy 2 ________ pipe P 1 + ½  v 1 2 = P 2 + ½  v 2 2 Swiftly moving fluids exert _____ pressure than do slowly moving fluids

Bernoulli's Equation P 1 + ½  v 1 2 +  gy 1 = P 2 + ½  v 2 2 +  gy 2 Level pipe P 1 + ½  v 1 2 = P 2 + ½  v 2 2 Swiftly moving fluids exert less pressure than do slowly moving fluids

labs Physics Terms Walking speed Walking Velocity Graphical Analysis  Slope analysis of position as a function of time graph = speed /velocity  Slope analysis of velocity as a function of time graph =acceleration  Area analysis of velocity as a function of time = displacement

Labs – kinematics in 1 and 2 dimensions Physics Terms Walking speed Walking Velocity Graphical Analysis  Slope analysis of position as a function of time graph  Slope analysis of velocity as a function of time graph  Area analysis of velocity as a function of time graph Analysis of a Vertical Jump Kinematics Equation analysis of cart up and down incline a=v-v o v =v +v o v= v o + at x=x o +v o t+ 1/2 at 2 v 2 =v o 2 +2a  x t 2 Free fall picket fence lab y vs t graph, v y vs t graph, and g vs t graph

Labs – kinematics in 1 and 2 dimensions Horizontally fired projectile  Time of flight is independent of horizontal velocity  Time of flight is dependent on height fired from Horizontal range as a function of angle for ground to ground fired projectiles  v ox =v o cos   v ox = v x  v oy = v o sin   v y = v oy + gt X and Y position as a function of time for a projectile fired at angle above or below the horizon X and Y position at maximum height for a projectile fired at an angle above the horizon ground to cliff fired projectiles cliff to ground fired projectiles  Quadratic equation to find time of flight y=y o + v oy t + ½ gt 2

Labs - force Force Table –  Graphical Method – tip to tail sketches  Analytical Method – Draw vectors from original Determine angles with respect to x axis Determine x components Determine y components Determine sum of x components Determine sum of y components Use Pythagorean Theorem to determine Resultant Force Use inv tan of sum of y components divided by sum of x components to determine angle with respect to x axis

Labs - Force Fan Cart F=ma Frictionless Cart pulled by falling mass fromula=a= m f g (m f +m c ) Friction Block pulled by falling mass formula = a = m f g –  mg ( m f + m b )

Labs - Force Fan Cart F=ma Frictionless Cart pulled by falling mass fromula= a= m f g (m f +m c ) Friction Block pulled by falling mass formula = a = m f g –  mg ( m f + m b )

Labs - Force Fan Cart F=ma Frictionless Cart pulled by falling mass fromula= a= m f g (m f +m c ) Friction Block pulled by falling mass formula = a = m f g –  m b g ( m f + m b )

Labs - Force Frictionless Cart on incline  Formula: a = gsin  Friction Block on incline  Formula: a = g sin  –  g cos  Friction Block on incline falling mass  Formula a = m f g - m b g cos  –  m b g sin   ( m f + m b )

Labs - Force Frictionless Cart on incline  Formula: a = gsin  Friction Block on incline  Formula: a = g sin  –  g cos  Friction Block on incline falling mass  Formula a = m f g - m b g sin  m b g cos   ( m f + m b )

Labs - Force Elevator lab – stationary, accelerating up, constant velocity up, decelerating up, stationary, accelerating down, constant velocity down, decelerating down, stationary, free fall Stationary, Constant Up, Constant Down Formula: F N = F g Accelerating up or Decelerating Down Formula: F N = F g + F net Accelerating down or Decelerating Up Formula: F N = F g - F net Freefall Formula: F N =0

Concept Maps Newtons three laws  Law of inertia Mass is a measure of inertia Object at rest stay at rest until net force acts on them Objects in with a constant speed moving in a straight line remain in this state until a net force acts on them

Force concept maps Quantitative Second Law Force is equal to the change in momentum per unit of time Force is equal to the product of mass and acceleration

Force concept maps Action Reaction Third Law  Equal magnitude forces  Acting in opposite directions  Acting on two objects  Acting with the same type of force

Force concept maps Non contact forces  Force due to gravity  Electrostatic and Magnostatic forces  Strong and Weak nuclear force

Force concept maps Contact forces  Push – Normal Force – Perpendicular to a surface  Friction – requires normal force – opposes motion  Pull – Tension – acts in both directions

Free body diagrams  F g = force due to gravity = weight  F N = perpendicular push  F fr = opposes motion  F T = pull = tension

Labs – Uniform Circular Motion Swing ride – Tension creates a center seeking force – centripetal force Gravitron- Normal force creates a center seeking force – centripetal force Hotwheel rollercoaster – Weightlessness at top – gravity creates the center seeking force – centripetal force Turntable ride – friction creates a central seeking force – centripetal force

Labs – Uniform Circular Motion Cavendish Torsion Balance – F g = G m 1 m 2 r 2 Universal Gravitational Constant – big G = 6.67x10 -11 Nm 2 /kg 2 Mass of the earth calculation mg = G m 1 m e r 2 Earth’s moon orbital velocity calculation Satellite orbital velocity calculation Geostationary Satellite orbital velocity and orbital radius calculation Bipolar Star calculation F c = mv 2 = G m 1 m 2 = F g v= 2  r(rev) r r 2 t

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration Momentum

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration Momentum (Change)

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration Momentum (Change) Force

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration Momentum Force

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration Momentum Force Work /

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration Momentum Force Work / Energy

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance / Displacement Time Mass Speed/Velocity acceleration Momentum Force Work / Energy Power

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTimeMass m/s

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s m/s/s=m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity = m/s Acceleration =m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s kg m/s Acceleration= m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s kg m/s-momentum Acceleration= m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 kg m/s/s=kg m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTimeMass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=Newton=kg m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 kg m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=Newton =kg m/s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force= Newtons=kg m/s 2 N m = Kg m/s 2 m

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=Newtons = kg m/s 2 N m = Kg m 2 /s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=Newton=kg m/s 2 Work /

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=Newton=kg m/s 2 Work / Energy = Joule = N m = kg m 2 /s 2

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=N=kg m/s 2 Work / Energy=J = N m = kg m 2 / s 2 kg m 2 /s 2 /s

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=N=kg m/s 2 Work / Energy=J = N m = kg m 2 / s 2 kg m 2 /s 2 /s = kg m 2 /s 3

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=N=kg m/s 2 Work / Energy=J = N m = kg m 2 / s 2 kg m 2 /s 2 /s = kg m 2 /s 3 = N m = J s s

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=N=kg m/s 2 Work / Energy=J = N m = kg m 2 / s 2 kg m 2 /s 2 /s = kg m 2 /s 3 = N m = J = W s s

Kinematics / Dynamics Relationships Distance/DisplacementTime Mass Speed/Velocity=m/s Momentum=kg m/s Acceleration=m/s 2 Force=N=kg m/s 2 Work / Energy=J = N m = kg m 2 / s 2 Power kg m 2 /s 2 /s = kg m 2 /s 3 = N m = J = W s s

Graphical Analysis Position Time

stopped Position Time

Constant velocity –constant momentum – no acceleration Position Time

Constant velocity – constant momentum – no acceleration Position Time

Increasing velocity – increasing momentum - accelerating Position Time

Decreasing velocity – decreasing momentum - decelerating Position Time

Graphical Analysis O m/s

Velocity vs Time Velocity 0 m/s time

Stopped O m/s

Accelerating O m/s

accelerating O m/s

decelerating O m/s

Constant velocity O m/s

Constant Velocity O m/s

Graphical Analysis Slopes Postion time

Slope = velocity Postion time

Velocity vs Time Slope Velocity time

Slope of V vs T = Acceleration Velocity time

Area of V vs T = ? Velocity time

Area of V vs T = Distance traveled Velocity time

Force vs Distance Force Distance

Force vs Distance Force slope = spring constant K = N m Distance

Force vs Distance Force E.P.E=1/2 Kx 2 Distance

Force vs Distance Force Area = Work Distance

Force vs time Force Time

Force vs time Area Force Change in Momentum = Time

Force vs time Area Force Change in Momentum =  p = J Impulse = Average Force * time J = F avg t = N*s Time

Physics Midterm Review 2012. Terms - Measurements time elapsed = duration of an event – there is a beginning, a middle, and an end to any event. distance.

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Physics Midterm Review 2012. Terms - Measurements time elapsed = duration of an event – there is a beginning, a middle, and an end to any event. distance.

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Presentation on theme: "Physics Midterm Review 2012. Terms - Measurements time elapsed = duration of an event – there is a beginning, a middle, and an end to any event. distance."— Presentation transcript:

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