1. Newlans Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for Enterprise Applications IEEE 802 Tutorial November 11, 2003 1.Rosio Alvarez, Director OIT, U.Mass. End User need for mmwLAN 2.Leigh Chinitz, CTO, Proxim mmwLAN / mmwWAN Convergence 3.Dev Gupta, Chairman, Newlans mmwLAN for Enterprise Applications

2. Newlans November 11, 2003 2 Technology Objective Investigate the Possibility of Creating a Standard To Provide True Gigabit Ethernet transport to any station True Gigabit Ethernet transport to any station Comparable or better availability than copper or fiber Comparable or better availability than copper or fiber Comparable or better performance than copper or fiber Comparable or better performance than copper or fiber Comparable or better security than copper or fiber Comparable or better security than copper or fiber Mobility Mobility Market + Technology + Value

3. Newlans November 11, 2003 3 Top Level Requirements Multi Gigabit data rate solution for wireless Gigabit To The Desktop (GTTD) which operates in 56 + GHz bands Multi Gigabit data rate solution for wireless Gigabit To The Desktop (GTTD) which operates in 56 + GHz bands Provide reliability through frequency, time and space diversity Provide reliability through frequency, time and space diversity Minimize probability of interference, interception and jamming Minimize probability of interference, interception and jamming Provide security at PHY and MAC layers Provide security at PHY and MAC layers Robust QoS coupled with high throughput Robust QoS coupled with high throughput Enable rapid installation and provisioning with minimal technical knowledge and experience Enable rapid installation and provisioning with minimal technical knowledge and experience Readily reconfigurable, reusable and redeployable Readily reconfigurable, reusable and redeployable Lowest cost for high data rates ($/Mbps) Lowest cost for high data rates ($/Mbps) Complete, safe, hassle-free coverage Complete, safe, hassle-free coverage

4. Newlans November 11, 2003 4 802.11 – Standard In Evolution Phase 1 Phase 2 True enterprise grade Gigabit-Ethernet-To-The- Desktop GiFi Phase 3

5. Newlans November 11, 2003 5 Ethernets Past & Future 45 M 110 M 170 M Transition to FE Transition to GigE Millions of LAN Connections 1980 – 10 Mbps – 802.3 1990 – 10 M-BaseT – 802.3i 1997 – 100 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3x 1998 – 1 Gbps-BaseX – 802.3z 1999 – 1 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3ab 2002 – 10 Gbps-LX – 802.3aeb 2005 – 10 Gbps-BaseT – Future – 100 Gbps ? Source – Fujitsu presentation titled GigE on the desktop and beyond at NFOEC/GEC, September 9, 2003

6. Newlans November 11, 2003 6 Growth of Gigabit Ethernet 11.2 M 55.5 M Worldwide Installed Base of GigE Ports (Copper and Fiber) Source – Fujitsu presentation titled GigE on the desktop and beyond at NFOEC/GEC, September 9 2003

7. Newlans November 11, 2003 7 Ethernet Port Shipment Growth provided by GTTD Source: US Bancrop Piper Jaffray, Industry Note, September 3, 2002

8. Newlans November 11, 2003 8 Avayas LAN Connectivity Survey What network technology do you run on your horizontal cabling now and 5 years? Source: A Report on the Global Status and Direction of LAN Connectivity, Avaya, October 2002 What network technology do you run on your backbone cabling now and 5 years?

9. Newlans November 11, 2003 9 Why GTTD? Cost effective location of network resources Cost effective location of network resources Enables greater centralization of server and storage resources Enables greater centralization of server and storage resources oTranslates to lower cost, better security, improved manageability Improved network efficiency Improved network efficiency GTTD acquires and releases network resources fast GTTD acquires and releases network resources fast Enhanced productivity for users and network managers Enhanced productivity for users and network managers Network Managers: Enable remote software installations, software upgrades, data backup and better utilization of network resources Network Managers: Enable remote software installations, software upgrades, data backup and better utilization of network resources Users: Reduced wait time Users: Reduced wait time Deployment of new applications Deployment of new applications New generation applications are bandwidth intensive New generation applications are bandwidth intensive oHigh resolution video conferencing, broadcast video, video-on-demand, online training, distance leaning, peer-to-peer collaboration, file transfers, data mining, data base applications (CRM, ERP), email with attachments Translates to better productivity Translates to better productivity New computing paradigms New computing paradigms GigE grid computing GigE grid computing

10. Newlans November 11, 2003 10 GTTD Improves Network Efficiency GigE Switch GigE Edge Switch Server Work Stations GigE Backbone GigE Link 100 Mbps Link 1 2 3 The resources of the server is held by the work station The resources of the server is held by the work station FE connection implies that data is buffered at the edge switch FE connection implies that data is buffered at the edge switch GTTD eliminates or minimizes the queuing and transmission delay GTTD eliminates or minimizes the queuing and transmission delay GTTD in a client-server scenario can improve the performance by 67% Source: Dr. Roger Billings, Gigabit Ethernet - Emergence to the edge of the network at GEC keynote address, Washington D.C., August 2002

11. Newlans November 11, 2003 11 Productivity Comparison Source: Cisco white paper – Deploying Gigabit Ethernet To The Desktop: Drivers and Applications Productivity GigE users spent 88% less time waiting for data when compared to 10 Mbps users, and 47% less than 100 Mbps users

12. Newlans November 11, 2003 12 % Improvement Over 10/100 Mbps Ethernet GTTD Performance Workflow Applications Flow Faster GTTD showed clear benefits over FE in Exchange 2000 workflow tests Database Transactions At GTTD The benefits of GTTD over FE increased with the number of records per transactions Source: InfoWorld, January 1, 2002, Issue 3 – Burning Up The Wire Results conducted by Competitive Systems Analysis Business Productivity Apps Get A Boost Microsoft Office 2000 performance in a Windows 2000 IntelliMirror environment increased Bottle neck due to disk write related delays at the server GTTD shines under demanding workload scenario GTTD shines under demanding workload scenario There seems to a direct correlation between desktop performance and GigE ROI – the faster the client PC, the greater performance improvement. There seems to a direct correlation between desktop performance and GigE ROI – the faster the client PC, the greater performance improvement. % Improvement Over 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Completion Time in Seconds

13. Newlans November 11, 2003 13 Additional Benefits of mmwLAN N = 244, IT respondents Sources: Cisco and NOP World, Wireless LAN Benefit Study

14. Newlans November 11, 2003 14 Barriers To mmwLAN Adoption Responses 1 = Strongly Disagree 2 = Somewhat Disagree 3 = Neutral 4 = Somewhat Agree 5 = Strongly Agree 3.9 3.8 3.6 2.3 0 1 23 4 Lack of adequate security Limited data rates Limited coverage Limitations (e.g. lack of QoS) Reliability concerns (e.g. RF interference) No Need Derived from Yankee Group Survey

15. Newlans November 11, 2003 15 Above 56 GHz Allocations 57 GHz 64 GHz 71 GHz 76 GHz 72.2573.5074.75 81 GHz 86 GHz 82.2583.5084.75 92 GHz 94.094.1 95 GHz 19.9 GHz of spectrum for broadband applications 9.9 GHz of spectrum for mmwLAN applications

16. Newlans November 11, 2003 16 60 GHz Band 57 GHz 64 GHz Unlicensed band governed by Part 15.225 Unlicensed band governed by Part 15.225 15 dB/Km of O 2 absorption 15 dB/Km of O 2 absorption Robust PHY layer security Robust PHY layer security High frequency reuse High frequency reuse Connectivity up to 10 Gbps Connectivity up to 10 Gbps Currently used in MAN and campus networks Currently used in MAN and campus networks New commercial applications: mmwLAN and PAN New commercial applications: mmwLAN and PAN

17. Newlans November 11, 2003 17 70 & 80 GHz Allocation 71 GHz 76 GHz 72.2573.5074.75 81 GHz 86 GHz 82.2583.50 84.75 FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 Divided into 4 unpaired segments per band Divided into 4 unpaired segments per band Segments may be aggregated Segments may be aggregated Cross band aggregation permitted with some restriction Cross band aggregation permitted with some restriction Pencil-beam applications Pencil-beam applications License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis

18. Newlans November 11, 2003 18 90 GHz Allocation 92 GHz 94.094.1 95 GHz FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 Divided into 2 unpaired segments Divided into 2 unpaired segments 94 GHz to 94.1 GHz allocated for exclusive Federal use 94 GHz to 94.1 GHz allocated for exclusive Federal use Segments may be aggregated Segments may be aggregated License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis for outdoor use License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis for outdoor use No license required for indoor use No license required for indoor use

19. Newlans November 11, 2003 19 56 GHz + Allocations in Other Regions No allocations for commercial deployment in 70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz bands

20. Newlans November 11, 2003 20 FCC Requirements Average power density 9 μW/cm 2 at 3 m Average power density 9 μW/cm 2 at 3 m Peak power density 18 μW/cm 2 at 3 m Peak power density 18 μW/cm 2 at 3 m Power density 1 mW/cm 2 on the general population for 30 minutes averaging Power density 1 mW/cm 2 on the general population for 30 minutes averaging Total peak transmitter output power cannot exceed 500 mW Total peak transmitter output power cannot exceed 500 mW Out of band spurious specifications Out of band spurious specifications For indoor application, transmit FCC identifier, serial number and 24 bytes data every 1 second. For indoor application, transmit FCC identifier, serial number and 24 bytes data every 1 second. 60 GHz Band

21. Newlans November 11, 2003 21 FCC Requirements Awaiting for FCC rules 70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz Bands

22. Newlans November 11, 2003 22 Reflection Coefficients

23. Newlans November 11, 2003 23 Human Body Attenuation

24. Newlans November 11, 2003 24 Transmission Through Concrete

25. Newlans November 11, 2003 25 Transmission Through Plasterboard

26. Newlans November 11, 2003 26 Modem Requirements Support multiple bands ( 4) in the millimeter wave band Support multiple bands ( 4) in the millimeter wave band Support a baud rate such that payload throughput is equal or greater than 1 Gbps Support a baud rate such that payload throughput is equal or greater than 1 Gbps FEC should be incorporated such that modem has good error performance with 10 dB SNR FEC should be incorporated such that modem has good error performance with 10 dB SNR Modem should be fairly immune to compression, phase noise and jitter Modem should be fairly immune to compression, phase noise and jitter Modem should be fairly immune to 50+ MHz of frequency error Modem should be fairly immune to 50+ MHz of frequency error Modem should provide PHY layer Security Modem should provide PHY layer Security Modem should be inexpensively realizable Modem should be inexpensively realizable Developing an innovative class of modem is key

27. Newlans November 11, 2003 27 Antenna Requirements Beam Shaped MIMO Antenna Mitigate effects of multipath Mitigate effects of multipath Maximum coverage Maximum coverage Minimum RF exposure Minimum RF exposure Minimize wasted spill of energy Minimize wasted spill of energy Antenna is an enabler for space, time and frequency diversity

28. Newlans November 11, 2003 28 Link Performance P T = 23 dBm instantaneous G T = 23.5 dBi peak G R = 17.5 dBi peak 134.4 m 441.1 feet 42.9 m 161.6 feet

29. Newlans November 11, 2003 29 Multipath Effects Tx Rx 30 feet P T = 10 dBm G T = 10 dBi G R = 10 dBi Right Hand Si = -60 dBm Time = 0 Left Hand Si = -82 dBm Time = 49 ns Right Hand Left Hand Right Hand Si = -87 dBm Time = 90 ns Outside antennas beam coverage

30. Newlans November 11, 2003 30 Wall Propagation Analysis 10 m 150 m Wall 10 dB 20 dB Tx 10 m Rx Extender Margin = 12 dB 10 m Wall 10 dB 20 dB Tx 10 m 10 dB Rx 10 m Margin = 0 dB Example

31. Newlans November 11, 2003 31 Reliability Energy contained in a building Energy contained in a building Low probability of interference or jamming Low probability of interference or jamming Effective BER very low due to space, time and frequency diversity Effective BER very low due to space, time and frequency diversity Network management can be used to perform fault monitoring and optimization of radio resources, and reroutes traffic to keep high availability Network management can be used to perform fault monitoring and optimization of radio resources, and reroutes traffic to keep high availability

32. Newlans November 11, 2003 32 Reliability Source: Based on Networld special report titled Supercharging The Desktop and Newlans High availability provided by frequency, space and time diversity 5.3 minutes/year

33. Newlans November 11, 2003 33 Campus Network Seamless network Seamless network Indoor/outdoor mobility Indoor/outdoor mobility Security comparable to or better than a wired network Security comparable to or better than a wired network Availability comparable to or better than a wired network Availability comparable to or better than a wired network Robust QoS Robust QoS Lower deployment cost Lower deployment cost Lower product cost Lower product cost Indoor and outdoor equipments have common components Indoor and outdoor equipments have common components Untethered Fiber Convergence of mmwLAN and campus network

34. Newlans November 11, 2003 34 Migration Path 60 GHz and 90 GHz have adequate bandwidth, but reduced number of channels 60 GHz and 90 GHz have adequate bandwidth, but reduced number of channels 70 GHz and 80 GHz have 10 GigE backhauling capability 70 GHz and 80 GHz have 10 GigE backhauling capability Choose a modulation scheme does not require major overhauling, thus minimizing cost impact Choose a modulation scheme does not require major overhauling, thus minimizing cost impact Maintains backward compatibility with 1 GigE Maintains backward compatibility with 1 GigE Migration path to 10 GigE – must track migration in the wired network

35. Newlans November 11, 2003 35 MAC Layer Requirements High Performance MAC should provide Link Layer Control Provide scheduling across space and frequency diversity Provide multiple classes of service Should provide a reliable link layer in the presence of multiple copies of packets and copies with errors High Efficiency > 80%

36. Newlans November 11, 2003 36 Security Objectives Mutual authentication for identity confirmation Mutual authentication for identity confirmation Block cipher for confidentiality (ex. use of advanced encryption standard) Block cipher for confidentiality (ex. use of advanced encryption standard) Dynamic keying for all of above (ex. 802.1X key management) Dynamic keying for all of above (ex. 802.1X key management) Customizable PHY layer security option Customizable PHY layer security option Low probability of interception and jamming Low probability of interception and jamming Features 60 GHz propagation facilitates confinement of energy in an area 60 GHz propagation facilitates confinement of energy in an area AES implemented in hardware at NAP and STN at 1 Gbps per channel AES implemented in hardware at NAP and STN at 1 Gbps per channel Customizable scrambler whose interconnections are customized per LAN Customizable scrambler whose interconnections are customized per LAN Per-channel digital scrambler seed sequences that can be refreshed as needed on control channels provide added security Per-channel digital scrambler seed sequences that can be refreshed as needed on control channels provide added security Per-channel policies insulate high and low security users from each others differing network requirement Per-channel policies insulate high and low security users from each others differing network requirement

37. Newlans November 11, 2003 37 Technology Components MAC Modem Front End Transmit Antenna Receive Antenna MAC Processor EncryptionDecryption RFIC RFIC 56+ GHz MMICs 56+ GHz MMICs MIMO Antennas Available Technologies Sub μ CMOS SiGeBiCMOSCMOS GaAs - PHEMPT - NHEMPT - NHEMPTDHBTInPGaNSiGeHorn Printed Circuit Phase Array

38. Newlans November 11, 2003 38 Per Drop Cost Variable Cost Fixed Cost Note Based on pricing for copper and fiber in 2005

39. Newlans November 11, 2003 39 Synergy With Other Standards Work 802.11 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) 802.15 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) 802.16 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (BBW) 802.18 802.18 Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group 802.19 802.19 Coexistence Technical Advisory Group 802.20 802.20 Mobile Wireless Access

40. Newlans November 11, 2003 40 End