1. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Review June 30 - July 2, 2009 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Review June 30 - July 2, 2009

2. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Review June 30 - July 2, 2009 Effects of Land Use on Climate Presented by Kirsten Findell Presented by Kirsten Findell

3. 3 Why do models respond so differently to Land Cover Change (LCC)? Land use impacts the amount and partitioning of available energy at the earth’s surface. Model response is dependent on weighting of various parameter changes. In our model (LM2), a change from forest to grassland leads to: Leads to coolingTypically leads to warming Increased snow-free albedo Decreased snow- masking depth Increased albedo Changes in energy availability Decreased net SW radiation Smaller soil moisture reservoir Decreased E Decreased roughness length Decreased rooting depth Increased E Increased surface runoff Decreased BL mixing Non-water stressed bulk stomatal resistance Decreased in mid- latitudes Increased in tropics Changes in moisture balance and energy partitioning Leads to coolingTypically leads to warming

4. 4 Pre-anthropogenic land cover distribution Tropical deforestation experimentHistorical land cover change experiment Land Cover Disturbances Experiments discussed in Findell et al. (2006, 2007, 2009)

5. 5 Strong local response, weak remote response Change in annual net radiation (W/m 2 ), 1990-NatVeg Local responses to both perturbations are generally significant –Less R net, less evaporation, higher temperatures –Rainfall response not homogeneous Remote responses do not pass field significance tests Some globally and annually averaged fields do pass significance tests because of the strong local responses

6. 6 In many regions: Local response to LCC on par with response to a warm Pacific, larger than response to a warm North Atlantic or a warm global Trend pattern Strong local response Warm Pacific forcing Historical LCC scenario Warm N Atl forcing Warm Trend forcing

7. 7 Conclusions LCC is important to include in climate-related experiments Regional impacts can be statistically significant and as large as other well-known forcing factors Impacts are especially important for water-balance considerations since fields like runoff, soil moisture, and evaporation can be so heavily affected Remote responses do not pass field significance tests –Argues against LCC-induced teleconnections, even for large perturbations like complete tropical deforestation Model limitations: –The experiments discussed here used LM2: only considered biophysical impacts of LCC. –Subsequent experiments will use LM3: improved biophysical representations, and eventually, the carbon cycle

8. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Review June 30 - July 2, 2009 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Review June 30 - July 2, 2009