1. Earth’s Natural Resources
Chapter 4
Energy and Mineral Resources
Alternative Energy Resources
Wind, Air, and Land Resources
Protecting Resources

2. Energy and Mineral Resources
Renewable and Nonrenewable resources.
Renewable resource: replenished over a fairly short period of time.
Ex’s)
Nonrenewable resources: takes millions of years to form and accumulate.

3. Place a star on the renewables and an X on the nonrenewables

4. Renewable and Nonrenewable resources
Fossil Fuels: A hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy.
Coal
Oil / Petroleum
Natural Gas

5. Coal Passes through 4 stages of development. Read page 95 in the text
List the 4 stages of the development of coal below.

6. Coal
More than 70% of the coal mined today is used by powerplants to generate electricity.
Where is most of the coal located in Pa?
What type of coal is located there?
Burning coal creates acid rain

7. Petroleum and Natural Gas
How does Petroleum and Natural Gas form? (p.96)
What prevents oil and natural gas from migrating to the surface?
Draw and label a type of structure that traps oil.

8. Tar Sands Where is most of the tar sand deposits located?
What are some drawbacks from obtaining oil from tar sands?
Where is most of the worlds oil shales?

9. Formation of Mineral Deposits
Ore - Metallic mineral that can be mined for $$$.
Some of the most important mineral deposits form through…
igneous processes
As the magma cools, heavy minerals settle to the bottom
hydrothermal solutions -or- hot water solutions
As the water cools metallic ion separate out of solution
placer deposits
Gold is popular placer deposit!

10. Nonmetallic mineral resources
Divided into two groups
Building materials
Industrial minerals
Name 4 nonmetallic minerals and their uses.

11. Alternative Energy Resources
Solar
Nuclear
Wind
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Tidal

12. Using your textbook, outline each of the types of alternative energy resources on a separate sheet of paper
Your outline should be in the following format
Alternative Energy Source (e.g. Solar Energy)
Renewable, or nonrenewable?
Simple description of how it works to capture energy in your own words.
Advantages
List…
Disadvantages

13. Water, Air, and Land Resources
Nearly 71% of Earth’s surface is water!
About 2% fresh water
1.6% of fresh water is ice at the poles
Less than 1% of Earth’s fresh water is usable

14. Water Pollution There are two types of water pollution
Point source pollution
Comes from a known and specific location
“You can point to it”
Nonpoint source pollution
Does not have a specific point of origin
Difficult to identify a specific source
Runoff
Water that flows over the land rather than seeping into the ground
Largest source of water pollution in the United States!

15. Point source or nonpoint sources of water pollution?

16. The Atmosphere - Earth’s Blanket of Air
Chemical composition helps maintain life on earth
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Trace gases - 1%
CO2
Argon

17. Air Pollution
Pollution can change the chemical composition of the air disrupting natural cycles.
Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of air pollution
Motor vehicles
Coal and oil fired powerplants

18. Burning fossil fuels releases…
Carbon Monoxide
Nitrogen Oxide
Soot
When they combine with water vapor in the air they create acid rain
When they combine with sunlight smog is produced

19. Burning fossil fuels and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
CO2 is a Greenhouse Gas
Greenhouse gas traps heat from the sun
The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the industrial revolution began in the 19th century
The increase in CO2 has altered the Carbon cycle and contributed to unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere (global warming)

20. Land Resources
Land provides soil and forests, as well as mineral and energy resources.
How do land resources impact your daily life?
Soil - to grow the food you eat
Forests - to build your home, furniture, paper…
Petroleum - Energy, plastics…
Minerals - makeup, coins in your pocket…
Removing and using these resources can take a heavy toll on the environment!

21. Strip mines - drastically changes the landscape
Destroys vegetation
Causes soil erosion
Creates pollution contaminating soil and water
Destroys ecosystems

22. More damage to land resources…
Agriculture
extensive irrigation systems
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Genetically modified food
Forestry - Removal of virgin forests
Eliminates diversity of plant and animal species
Landfills and waste facilities
Potential to leak toxics into soil and ground water

24. How many plastic water bottles do we throw away each year?
Look it up…
How many plastic water bottles do we throw away each year?
Year?
Day?
Hour?
Minute?
Second?

25. Protecting Resources Each year we throw out about…
30 million cell phones
8 million TV’s
18 million computers
Enough tires to circle the 3 times
Enough shrink wrap to wrap the state of Texas!
We have 6% of the world’s population yet we produce 33% of the world’s garbage!

26. How can keep ourselves in check?
Many think conservation and pollution prevention are the answers.
Conservation is the careful use of resources.
Pollution prevention means stopping pollution from entering the environment.

27. At your table, come up with 10 conservation methods you can use in your daily lives.

28. Keeping water clean and safe
Government began passing laws to prevent and decrease pollution.
Clean Water Act (1972): The CWA went after industries to reduce or eliminate point sources of pollution into surface waters.
Safe Drinking Water Act (1974): helped protect drinking water resources.

29. Protecting the Air In 1970 congress passed the Clean Air Act.
Nations most important air pollution law
Because of the CAA: motor vehicles and power plants use control devices to reduce or eliminate harmful byproducts of fossil fuel combustion
Energy Conservation = Cleaner Air
How does turning off the lights when you’re not using them decrease air pollution?

30. Caring for Land Resources
Preventing pollution and managing land resources wisely!
Farmers
Contour plowing: plowing across a hillside reduces runoff
Use of organic fertilizers and IPM (pesitcides as a last resort)
Forestry
Selective cutting rather than clear cutting: preserves habitats and conserves resources

31. What you can do to care for the land
Start a compost pile!
Practice using IPM (integrated pest management)
Conserve water, and electricity
The three R’s
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle