1. ECO 120 - Global Macroeconomics TAGGERT J. BROOKS

2. Module 06 SUPPLY AND DEMAND INTRODUCTION

3. The Supply Schedule  A supply schedule shows how much of a good or service would be supplied at different prices. Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans supplied (billions of pounds) $2.0011.6 1.7511.5 1.5011.2 1.2510.7 1.0010.0 0.759.1 0.508.0

4. The Supply Curve A supply curve shows graphically how much of a good or service people are willing to sell at any given price. Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) Price of coffee beans (per pound) 70911151317 $2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 As price rises, the quantity supplied rises. Supply curve, S

5. The Law of Supply  The Law of Supply says that, other things being equal, the price and quantity supplied of a good are positively related.

6. An Increase in Supply  The entry of Vietnam into the coffee bean business generated an increase in supply—a rise in the quantity supplied at any given price. Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of beans supplied (billions of pounds) Before entryAfter entry $2.00 11.613.9 1.75 11.513.8 1.50 11.213.4 1.2510.712.8 1.0010.012.0 0.759.110.9 0.508.09.6

7. An Increase in Supply  This event is represented by the two supply schedules — one showing supply before Vietnam’s entry, the other showing supply after Vietnam came in. Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of beans supplied (billions of pounds) Before entryAfter entry $2.00 11.613.9 1.75 11.513.8 1.50 11.213.4 1.2510.712.8 1.0010.012.0 0.759.110.9 0.508.09.6

8. An Increase in Supply A shift of the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good at any given price, or a change in supply. Vietnam enters coffee bean business  more coffee producers Vietnam enters coffee bean business  more coffee producers 70911131517 $2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 S 1 S 2 Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) … is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve A movement along the supply curve…

9. Movement Along the Supply Curve A movement along the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good that is the result of a change in that good’s price. 701011.2121517 $2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 S 1 S 2 A C B Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) … is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve. A movement along the supply curve…

10. Shifts of the Supply Curve S 3 S 1 S 2 Price Quantity Decrease in supply Increase in supply Any “ decrease in supply ” means a leftward shift of the supply curve: at any given price, there is a decrease in the quantity supplied. (S1  S3) Any “ increase in supply ” means a rightward shift of the supply curve: at any given price, there is a decrease in the quantity supplied. (S1  S2)

11. Understanding Shifts of the Supply Curve  Changes in input prices  An input is a good that is used to produce another good.  Changes in the prices of related goods and services  Changes in technology  Changes in expectations  Changes in the number of producers

12. Individual Supply Curve and the Market Supply Curve S Figueroa S Bien Pho 1231223145000 $2 1 1 1 S Market (a) Mr. Figueroa’s Individual Supply Curve (b) Mr. Bien Pho’s Individual Supply Curve (c) Market Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans (pounds)

13. Supply, Demand and Equilibrium  Equilibrium in a competitive market: when the quantity demanded of a good equals the quantity supplied of that good.  The price at which this takes place is the equilibrium price (a.k.a. market-clearing price):  Every buyer finds a seller and vice versa.  The quantity of the good bought and sold at that price is the equilibrium quantity.

14. Finding the Equilibrium Price and Quantity Market equilibrium occurs at point E, where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect. Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 7010151317 $2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 Supply Demand E Equilibrium Equilibrium price Equilibrium quantity

15. Price Above Its Equilibrium Level Creates a Surplus There is a surplus of a good when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. Surpluses occur when the price is above its equilibrium level. 7010151317 $2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 Supply Demand 8.111.2 E Surplus Quantity demanded Quantity supplied Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds)

16. Price Below Its Equilibrium Level Creates a Shortage 7010151317 $2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 Supply Demand 9.111.5 E Shortage Quantity demanded Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) There is a shortage of a good when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. Shortages occur when the price is below its equilibrium level. Quantity supplied