1. Europa The smallest of four Galilean moon of Jupiter Discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei Study between 1995 and 2003 with the spacecraft Galileo. Jupiter and this Galilean moons : Callisto, Europa, Io, Ganymede

2. Life … in Europa ? Surface is composed of water ice Possibility of water beneath the frozen ice crust. Possibility of oxygen A prominent double-ridge feature on Europa, most likely a crack in the icy shell Hypothesis : warm ice rising up through the colder ice of the outer crust Life in the Crack ?

3. Future missions For know if live exist, one solution : go to explore Europa The next project : Launch a rover. Objective : - Travel the Ice Water - Then explored the ocean A robot like DepthX Robot for Mission to Europa. DepthX : autonomous underwater vehicle The date of launch is unknown at this time, around 2026.

4. Life on Mars ? Explore since a long time : – Spacecraft, satellite. On the off chance to find life. Some theories : – Life had existed before life on Earth – Life had never existed on Mars – ??? For observing mars : robot has been launched : Curiosity

5. Curiosity rover Mission : Biological, Geological andgeochemical Planetary process and Surface radiation Launch Date : 26 November 2011 Mars landing : 5 August 2012

6. Recently Descoveries Martian Rock with strange properties.

7. Environmental Water Distance of a star : – Temperature : which determine the presence of liquid water – Light : for vegetable – The quantity of toxic radiation (ex : UV)

8. Environmental The nature of Sky (Oxyhen, methane co2 ?) Chemical nature of the oceans Electrical discharge (lightning) The mass of the planet and of the star

9. Silicon life on Earth is built upon carbon Another element build life ? Possibility of life build upon Silicon But questioned : Carbon is usely than Silicon, and different inertia.

10. Other Chemical element Oxygen Nitrate Fer