1. Technician License Class Gordon West Technician Class Manual Pages 142-149 Volts & Amps Presented by Heart Of Texas Amateur Radio Club (HOTARC)

2. Volts & Amps 2 Electrical Voltage & Current Current is the flow of electrons in an electric circuit. The unit of measure is amperes or amps. We measure current with an ammeter. Voltage is the “force” that makes electrons move—causing current. We measure voltage with a voltmeter. V R

3. Volts & Amps 3 Resistance Resistance is what opposes current, or the flow of electrons. All materials have some resistance. The unit of measurement for resistance is the ohm. Materials with very low resistance, allowing electrons to move easily, are conductors. Copper, for example, is a good conductor. Materials with very high resistance, and do not allow electrons to flow easily, are insulators. Glass, for example, is a good insulator.

4. Volts & Amps 4 Water Flow is a Good Analogy to Electrical Voltage, Current, and Resistance Battery supplies voltage, like pump supplies pressure. Wire carries current, like pipes carry water. Resistor slows down current, like clogs in pipe slow down flow.

5. Volts & Amps 5 T4A13 (pg 142) What instrument is used to measure Electromotive Force (EMF) between two points such as the poles of a battery? A.Magnetometer B.Voltmeter C.Ammeter D.Ohmmeter

6. Volts & Amps 6 T4A06 (pg 142) How much voltage does an automobile battery usually supply? A.About 12 volts B.About 30 volts C.About 120 volts D.About 240 volts

7. Volts & Amps 7 T4A03 (pg 142) What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? A.Voltage B.Resistance C.Capacitance D.Current

8. Volts & Amps 8 Two Basic Kinds of Current When electrons flow in only one direction, it is called Direct Current (DC). Batteries are a common source of DC. Most electronic devices are powered by DC. When electrons flow alternatively in one direction, then in the opposite direction, it is called Alternating Current (AC). Household current is AC.

9. Volts & Amps 9 Direct Current vs Alternating Current DC delivers a constant voltage, like from a battery. AC voltage regularly reverses direction, positive to negative, between a maximum- minimum, at a certain frequency.

10. Volts & Amps 10 T4A04 What is the name of a current that flows only in one direction? A.An alternating current B.A direct current C.A normal current D.A smooth current

11. Volts & Amps 11 T4A01 (pg 143) Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? A.Volts B.Watts C.Ohms D.Amperes

12. Volts & Amps 12 T4A12 (pg 143) What instrument is used to measure the flow of current in an electrical circuit? A.Frequency meter B.SWR meter C.Ammeter D.Voltmeter

13. Volts & Amps 13 T4A09 (pg 143) Which of the following is a good electrical conductor? A.Glass B.Wood C.Copper D.Rubber

14. Volts & Amps 14 T4A08 (pg 143) What is the name of a current that reverses direction on a regular basis? A.An alternating current B.A direct current C.A circular current D.A vertical current

15. Volts & Amps 15 T4A11 (pg 143) What is the term used to describe opposition to current flow in ordinary conductors such as wires? A.Inductance B.Resistance C.Counter EMF D.Magnetism

16. Volts & Amps 16 T4A07 (pg 143) What is the basic unit of resistance? A.The volt B.The watt C.The ampere D.The ohm  Greek letter: Omega

17. Volts & Amps 17 T4A10 (pg 144) Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? A.Copper B.Glass C.Aluminum D.Mercury

18. Volts & Amps 18 Current, Voltage, & Resistance Just like water flowing through a hose, changes in voltage, current, and resistance affect each other. The effect is mathematically expressed in Ohm's Law: E = I x R I = E / R R = E / I where E = voltage, I= current, and R = resistance

19. Volts & Amps 19 Ohm’s Law Resistance to current: OHMS Current, the flow of electrons: AMPERES Electromotive force: VOLTS E I R

20. Volts & Amps 20 T4D02 (pg 144) What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit? A.Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R) B.Voltage (E) equals current (I) divided by resistance (R) C.Voltage (E) equals current (I) added to resistance (R) D.Voltage (E) equals current (I) minus resistance (R) EE I R E = I R 

21. Volts & Amps 21 T4D07 (pg 144) What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through a 2 ohm resistor? A.1 volt B.0.25 volts C.2.5 volts D.1.5 volts EE I R E = I  R = 0.5 A  2  = 1 V

22. Volts & Amps 22 T4D08 (pg 145) What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through a 10 ohm resistor? A.10 volts B.1 volt C.11 volts D.9 volts EE I R E = I  R = 1 A  10  = 10 V

23. Volts & Amps 23 T4D09 (pg 145) What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through a 10 ohm resistor? A.20 volts B.0.2 volts C.12 volts D.8 volts EE I R E = I  R = 2 A  10  = 20 V

24. Volts & Amps 24 T4D01 (pg 145) What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit? A.Current (I) equals voltage (E) multiplied by resistance (R) B.Current (I) equals voltage (E) divided by resistance (R) C.Current (I) equals voltage (E) added to resistance (R) D.Current (I) equals voltage (E) minus resistance (R) EE I R E = I R —

25. Volts & Amps 25 T4D06 (pg 146) What is the current flow in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? A.9600 amperes B.200 amperes C.0.667 amperes D.1.5 amperes EE I R I = E / R = 120 V / 80  = 1.5 A

26. Volts & Amps 26 T4D10 (pg 146) What is the current flowing through a 100 ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? A.20,000 amperes B.0.5 amperes C.2 amperes D.100 amperes EE I R I = E / R = 200 V / 100  = 2 A

27. Volts & Amps 27 T4D11 (pg 146) What is the current flowing through a 24 ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? A.24,000 amperes B.0.1 amperes C.10 amperes D.216 amperes EE I R I = E / R = 240 V / 24  = 10 A

28. Volts & Amps 28 T4D03 (pg 146) What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit? A.Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) B.Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) C.Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) added to current (I) D.Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) minus current (I) EE I R E = I R —

29. Volts & Amps 29 T4D04 (pg 146) What is the resistance of a circuit when a current of 3 amperes flows through a resistor connected to 90 volts? A.3 ohms B.30 ohms C.93 ohms D.270 ohms EE I R R = E / I = 90 V / 3 A = 30 

30. Volts & Amps 30 T4D05 (pg 147) What is the resistance in a circuit where the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes? A.18 ohms B.0.125 ohms C.8 ohms D.13.5 ohms EE I R R = E / I = 12 V / 1.5 A = 8 

31. Volts & Amps 31 Power When moving electrons do some work, power is consumed. The unit of measurement for power is Watts. Power (P) is the product of current (I) and voltage (E). P = I x E I = P / E E = P / I where P = power, I = current, and E = voltage.

32. Volts & Amps 32 Watt’s Law Electromotive force: VOLTS Current, the flow of electrons: AMPERES Electric power: WATTS P I E

33. Volts & Amps 33 T4A02 (pg 147) Electrical Power is measured in which of the following units? A.Volts B.Watts C.Ohms D.Amperes W Watts

34. Volts & Amps 34 T4E01 (pg 147) What unit is used to describe electrical power? A.Ohm B.Farad C.Volt D.Watt W Watts

35. Volts & Amps 35 T4E02 (pg 147) What is the formula used to calculate electrical power in a DC circuit? A.Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) B.Power (P) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) C.Power (P) equals voltage (E) minus current (I) D.Power (P) equals voltage (E) plus current (I) P I E

36. Volts & Amps 36 T4E03 (pg 147) How much power is represented by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes? A.138 watts B.0.7 watts C.23.8 watts D.3.8 watts P I E P = I  E = 10 A  13.8 V = 138 W

37. Volts & Amps 37 T4E04 (pg 147) How much power is being used in a circuit when the voltage is 120 volts DC and the current is 2.5 amperes? A.1440 watts B.300 watts C.48 watts D.30 watts P I E P = I  E = 2.5 A  120 V = 300 W

38. Volts & Amps 38 T4E05 (pg 148) How can you determine how many watts are being drawn by your transceiver when you are transmitting? A.Measure the DC voltage and divide it by 60 Hz B.Check the fuse in the power leads to see what size it is C.Look in the Radio Amateur's Handbook D.Measure the DC voltage at the transceiver and multiply by the current drawn when you transmit P I E

39. Volts & Amps 39 T4E06 (pg 148) How many amperes are flowing in a circuit when the applied voltage is 120 volts DC and the load is 1200 watts? A.20 amperes B.10 amperes C.120 amperes D.5 amperes P I E I = P / E = 1200 W / 120 V = 10 A

40. Volts & Amps 40 T4C04 (pg 148) What device is used to convert the alternating current from a wall outlet into low-voltage direct current? A.Inverter B.Compressor C.Power Supply D.Demodulator

41. Volts & Amps 41 Metric Prefixes (powers of ten) PrefixAbbrevPowerNumber giga-G10 9 1,000,000,000 mega-M10 6 1,000,000 kilo-K10 3 1,000 (basic unit)10 0 1 centi-c10 –2 0.01 milli-m10 –3 0.001 micro-  10 –6 0.000001 nano-n10 –9 0.000000001 pico-p10 –12 0.000000000001 1 —— 100 1 —— 1000 1 ———— 1,000,000

42. Volts & Amps 42 T4E07 (pg 149) How many milliamperes is the same as 1.5 amperes? A.15 milliamperes B.150 milliamperes C.1500 milliamperes D.15000 milliamperes A “milliamp” is 1 / 1000 amp. So, each ampere is 1000 milliamps. And, thus 1.5 amperes is 1500 milliamps.

43. Volts & Amps 43 T4E10 (pg 149) How many volts are equal to one microvolt? A.one one-millionth of a volt B.one million volts C.one thousand kilovolts D.one one-thousandth of a volt A microvolt is 1 / 1,000,000 volt…a very tiny voltage.

44. Volts & Amps 44 T4E09 (pg 149) How many volts are equal to one kilovolt? A.one one-thousandth of a volt B.one hundred volts C.one thousand volts D.one million volts One kilovolt is 1000 volts. Remember the prefix “kilo” stands for a thousand.

45. Volts & Amps 45 T4E11 (pg 149) How many watts does a hand-held transceiver put out if the output power is 500 milliwatts? A.0.02 watts B.0.5 watts C.5 watts D.50 watts A milliwatt is 1 / 1000 watt. So, 500 milliwatts = 500 / 1000 watt = 0.5 watt.

46. Volts & Amps 46