1. What happens when several cultures intersect?

2. When did humans first migrate to the Americas?  Migration happened in three waves  From Central Siberia 20-30,000 years ago, then again 15,000 years ago  From N. Siberia, Na-Dene about 9000 years ago  Eskimos & Aleuts about 4-5000 years ago  Brought 7 different language families

3. Map of Pre-contact (before Columbus) America showing the various ecological and subsistence zones.

6. Cahokia Mounds This contemporary painting conveys Cahokia's grand scale. Not until the late eighteenth century did another North American city (Philadelphia) surpass the population of Cahokia, c. 1200. (Cahokia Mounds Historic Site, painting by William R. Iseminger).

7. The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán At the height of Aztec-Toltec civilization in central Mexico, which coincided with the arrival of Cortés and his Spanish soldiers in 1519, this capital city had a dense population of over 300,000, more than any European city. Built on marshy lowlands and linked to the mainland by broad causeways, it had great public works and pyramids to the sun and moon that were connected by an elaborate irrigation system. From this metropolis, priests, warriors, and rulers held absolute authority over hundreds of thousands of people in the countryside. (American Museum of Natural History #32659) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. he Great Temple at Tenochtitlán At the height of Aztec-Toltec civilization in central Mexico, which coincided with the arrival of Cortés and his Spanish soldiers in 1519, this capital city had a dense population of over 300,000, more than any European city. Built on marshy lowlands and linked to the mainland by broad causeways, it had great public works and pyramids to the sun and moon that were connected by an elaborate irrigation system. From this metropolis, priests, warriors, and rulers held absolute authority over hundreds of thousands of people in the countryside. (American Museum of Natural History)Natural History #32659)

9. Three Peoples of North America  Makah – NW Coast, occupied for 2000 yearsyears  Hunted whales in open ocean, seals, salmon, sea lionswhales  Ate little vegetable food – mostly acorns, berries  Lived in large multi-family homes  Large canoes for ocean travel Large  Wampanoags, southern New England, 10,000 yearsNew  Grew & stored vegetables  Created forest plots, inherited through female  Women responsible for care of planting processprocess  Lived in multi-family homes based on female clan

10. Three Groups of North America  Mississippian Cultures  Timucuans (Florida), since 500 B.C.E.Florida  Apalachees (Florida) constructed temple mounds by 1000 a.d.  Villages, stockades, ceremonial plazas  Varied diet – maize, venison, fish, birds  Clanship through mother’s lineagethrough  Chiefdom society  Athore, son of the Timucuan king Saturiwa, showing Laudonnière the monument placed by Ribault de Bry, Theodor, 1591 (possibly based on drawings by Jacques le Moyne)

11. Why did the Europeans explore new lands?  Life in Europe in 1400s  Europe Looks Beyond Its Borders  The Portuguese Begin to Explore  Based on your assigned section, write down and be able to explain at least five reasons that answer the question. If you finish your section, move on to another section.

12. The West Africans  The Question Formulation Technique: First we practice!  Review the Rules of Producing Questions:  Ask as many questions as you can  Do not stop to discuss, judge or answer the questions  Write down every question as it is stated  Change any statement into a question  Discuss what might be difficult about following the rules?  Closed-ended questions – answered with a “yes” or a “no”  Open-ended questions – require an explanation and cannot be answered with a “yes” or “no” or with one word.  Do we have any closed-ended questions? If we do, we need to make them open- ended.  What are the three most important questions from our list?  Why did you select these questions?

14. Trade and Empires in Africa

16. The West Africans  Now let’s try The Right Question!  HISTORICAL THEMES Ask as many questions as you can Do not stop to answer, judge or to discuss the questions Write down every question exactly as it is stated Change any statement into a question

17. The West Africans  Using the themes we just created and your textbook ch 1, section 3, write 3 questions that use the theme words. Be sure your name is on the top of your paper and pass your paper to the right. That student will answer your questions and you will answer questions from the person to your left. If you have no one near you, then get up and go to the other side of the room and deliver your questions to a person on the end. After answering the questions, write 3 more questions using different theme terms and pass your paper along as before.  Class discussion of questions and answers