1. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 1 Fogeys “R” Us is a health care consortium that specializes in geriatric care. They want to open at least 4 walk-in clinics in the Metro Toronto area to specialize in health care for the elderly (over 50 years of age). The clinics would be one of two types: general health clinics covered by OHIP (public clinics hereafter) and high- end clinics that would offer specialized treatments not necessarily covered by public insurance (private clinics hereafter). The company would prefer to avoid expensive land purchases and rezoning disputes if at all possible. Lecture 26: GIS-Based Geograhic Modeling (An Urban Application) 1. The Problem (Question):

2. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 2 2.1 Question and Requirements Determine the prospective areas for the 4 clinic locations Determine the prospective areas for the 4 clinic locations for old people. for old people. 2 public clinics: cares covered by OHIP 2 public clinics: cares covered by OHIP 2 private clinics: cares not covered by OHIP 2 private clinics: cares not covered by OHIP The clinics should be on areas of cheap land and zoned for The clinics should be on areas of cheap land and zoned for commercial purposes commercial purposes Lecture 26: GIS-Based Geograhic Modeling (An Urban Application) 2. Think through the problem (Conceptualization):

3. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 3 2.2 Analysis of the Question and Requirements For public clinics: For public clinics: Put them in areas where: Put them in areas where: Low land values and, (What is low?) Low land values and, (What is low?) Land zoned for commercial and Land zoned for commercial and Surrounded by: (What is meant by “surrounded”?) Surrounded by: (What is meant by “surrounded”?) High percentage of population over 50 (What is high?) High percentage of population over 50 (What is high?) For private clinics: For private clinics: Put them in areas where: Put them in areas where: Low land values and, Low land values and, Land zoned for commercial and, Land zoned for commercial and, Surrounded by: Surrounded by: High percentage of population over 50 and, High percentage of population over 50 and, High income and, (What is high income?) High income and, (What is high income?) 2. Think through the problem (Conceptualization): (continued …)

4. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 4 2.3 Essential Data Layers: For the Public clinics: For the Public clinics: - A map showing where the high percent of old people are - A map showing where the high percent of old people are - A map of land values - A map of land values - A map of zoning - A map of zoning For the Private clinics: For the Private clinics: - In addition to the above, - In addition to the above, a map showing the distribution of high income people a map showing the distribution of high income people 2.4 Primary Data Layers: Census data Census data Assessed land value map Assessed land value map Zoning map Zoning map 2.5 Data Sources Statistics Canada Statistics Canada Assessor’s office Assessor’s office City Planning department City Planning department (Conceptualization Diagram) (Conceptualization Diagram)Conceptualization DiagramConceptualization Diagram 2. Think through the problem (Conceptualization): (continued …)

5. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 5 3.1 Think through the steps (Virtual Implementation): 1) Data input and data preparation 1) Data input and data preparation (compiling the database of primary data layers) (compiling the database of primary data layers) Digitizing (paper maps) Digitizing (paper maps) Geocoding (data in records such as land values) Geocoding (data in records such as land values) Alignment (geo-referencing/registration) Alignment (geo-referencing/registration) 2) Generate the data layers of essential information 2) Generate the data layers of essential information Map of high percent of old people (from Census Data) Map of high percent of old people (from Census Data) Map of low land value (from Assessor’s record) Map of low land value (from Assessor’s record) Map of Zoning (from Planning office) Map of Zoning (from Planning office) Map of high income (from Census Data) Map of high income (from Census Data) 3. Solve it using GIS (Implementation):

6. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 6 3.1 Think through the steps (Virtual Implementation) (continued …): 1) Data input and data preparation 1) Data input and data preparation (compiling the database of primary data layers) (compiling the database of primary data layers) Digitizing (paper maps) Digitizing (paper maps) Geocoding (data in records such as land values) Geocoding (data in records such as land values) Alignment (geo-referencing/registration) Alignment (geo-referencing/registration) 2) Generate the data layers of essential information 2) Generate the data layers of essential information Map of high percent of old people (from Census Data) Map of high percent of old people (from Census Data) Map of low land value (from Assessor’s record) Map of low land value (from Assessor’s record) Map of Zoning (from Planning office) Map of Zoning (from Planning office) Map of high income (from Census Data) Map of high income (from Census Data) 3. Solve it using GIS (Implementation): (continued …)

7. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 7 3.1 Think through the steps (Virtual Implementation) (continued …): 3) Produce the suitability map 3) Produce the suitability map For public clinics: For public clinics: (1) Combine the land value with the zoning data layers (1) Combine the land value with the zoning data layers to produce one data layer which shows the potential to produce one data layer which shows the potential locations of the clinics. locations of the clinics. (2) For each potential location, find out the number of (2) For each potential location, find out the number of areas with high percent of old people around the site areas with high percent of old people around the site (3) Rank the sites by the number of areas with high percent (3) Rank the sites by the number of areas with high percent of old people around the site of old people around the site 3. Solve it using GIS (Implementation): (continued …)

8. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 8 3.1 Think through the steps (Virtual Implementation) (continued …): 3) Produce the suitability map (continued …) 3) Produce the suitability map (continued …) For private clinics: For private clinics: (a) Combine the land value with the zoning data layers to (a) Combine the land value with the zoning data layers to produce one data layer which shows the potential produce one data layer which shows the potential locations of the clinics. locations of the clinics. (b) For each potential location, find out the number of areas (b) For each potential location, find out the number of areas with high percent of old people and with high income with high percent of old people and with high income around the site around the site (c) Rank the sites by the number of areas with high percent (c) Rank the sites by the number of areas with high percent of old people and high income around the site of old people and high income around the site (Virtual Implementation Diagram) (Virtual Implementation Diagram)Virtual Implementation DiagramVirtual Implementation Diagram 3. Solve it using GIS (Implementation): (continued …)

9. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 9 3.2 Develop a detailed plan (Pseudo codes) 3.2 Develop a detailed plan (Pseudo codes) (Example of Pseudo Coding) (Example of Pseudo Coding)Example of Pseudo CodingExample of Pseudo Coding 3.3 Do it using a specific GIS software 3.3 Do it using a specific GIS software 3. Solve it using GIS (Implementation): (continued …) 4. Work through a couple of locations to verify (The Result Figure) (The Result Figure)The Result FigureThe Result Figure (Question: Are there other ways of selecting the sites?)

10. Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 26 Overheads 10 Questions: (Lectures 25-26) 1. What is Spatial Modeling? What is GIS-based Spatial Modeling? 2. What are the steps in spatial modeling using GIS? 3. What is conceptualization and what is implementation? 4. Why do people say that domain knowledge is extremely important in GIS-based spatial modeling? Give an example.