1. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’011 An Alternative Classification of Agent Types based on BOID Conflict Resolution Jan Broersen Mehdi Dastani Zisheng Huang Joris Hulstijn Leendert van der Torre Utrecht Universiteit Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam http://www.cs.vu.nl/~boid

2. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’012 Conflicts Internal conflicts, e.g. between two desires External conflicts, e.g.: –if you go to Amsterdam, then you believe that there are no cheap rooms close to the conference site –if you go to Amsterdam, then you are obliged to take a cheap room –if you go to Amsterdam, then you desire to stay close to the conference site –you intend to go to Amsterdam Agent type based on conflicts resolution

3. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’013 Layout of this Talk BOID architecture Conflicts and agent types Agent architectures and agent types Mapping agent types to agent architectures Examples Conclusion

4. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’014 BDI (e.g. R&G and C&L) Internal conflicts: axiomatizating each attitude –KD45 for beliefs; KD for desires and intentions External conflicts: axiomatizating relations between attitudes –Static: realism Int a (  )  Bel a (  ) –Dynamic: commitment strategies A(Int a (A  ) U(Bel a (  )   Bel a (E  )))

5. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’015 BDP (Thomason 2000) Beliefs and desires are (Reiter) defaults –Internal conflicts are possible – { T  p, T   p } leads to multiple extensions –In contrast to BDI: no modalities Wishful thinking: – { T  rain, rain  wet, T   wet}

6. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’016 BOID architecture Interpreter (Reasoner) Obligations Beliefs Desires Intentions Sensor Effectors Goal selection Planning

7. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’017 Conflicts and Agent Types Realistic agent: beliefs override others Social agent: obligations override desires Selfish agent: desires override obligations Simple-minded agent: intentions override obligations and desires (stable) Open-minded agent: desires and obligations override intentions

8. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’018 BIOD Obs. Goals Social Simple Minded Agent Specialized Architecture 1  ( r b ) <  ( r i ) <  ( r o ) <  ( r d )

9. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’019 B I O D Super Selfish Agent Specialized Architecture 2  ( r b ) <  ( r d ) <  ( r i ) &  ( r b ) <  ( r d ) <  ( r o ) Obs. Goals

10. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0110 B<O B<I B<D I<D B<O B<I B<D O<D B<O B<I B<D I<O B<O B<I B<D O<I B<O B<I B<D D<O B<O B<I B<D D<I B<O B<I B<D I<D I<O B<O B<I B<D O<D I<D B<O B<I B<D O<I O<D B<O B<I B<D I<O D<O B<O B<I B<D D<I D<O B<O B<I B<D O<I D<I B<O B<I B<D I<D I<O O<D B<O B<I B<D O<I O<D I<D B<O B<I B<D I<D I<O D<O B<O B<I B<D O<I O<D D<I B<O B<I B<D D<I D<O I<O B<O B<I B<D D<O D<I O<I B<O, B<I, B<D  BOID BIODBIDOBODIBDIOBDOI BXXIBDXXBXXOBOXXBXXDBIXX

11. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0111 O D Realistic Agent General Architecture Obs. B I Goals

12. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0112 a  r   c a  c   r T  a a  r a  c Example 1 Social Simple-minded Agent  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site B O I D

13. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0113 a  r   c a  c   r T  a a  r a  c Step 1 Social Simple-minded Agent  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site  B O I D

14. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0114 a  r   c a  c   r T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site  {a}{a} B O I D Step 2 Social Simple-minded Agent

15. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0115 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site {a}{a} {a}{a} a  r   c a  c   r B O I D Step 3 Social Simple-minded Agent

16. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0116 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site {a}{a} a  r   c a  c   r {a,r} B O I D Step 4 Social Simple-minded Agent

17. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0117 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,r} {a,r,  c} B O I D Step 5 Social Simple-minded Agent

18. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0118 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,r,  c} B O I D Step 6 Social Simple-minded Agent

19. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0119 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,r,  c} B O I D Step 7 Social Simple-minded Agent

20. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0120 T  a a  r a  c Example 2 Selfish Simple-minded Agent  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,  r,c} B O I D

21. 25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0121 Conclusion Benchmark examples for agent types Norm, Conflicts, Agent types, Architectures Small gap between architecture, logic and implementation by mapping conflicts into agent architecture Future Research Extending architecture: planning and scheduling Updating BOID rules BOID verification and implementation http://www.cs.vu.nl/~boid