1. Nutrition in North Korea: It’s not just about food Randall Ireson American Friends Service Committee

2. Famine and Food Aid

3. “A hungry child knows no politics.” Ronald Regan

4. “A hungry child knows no politics, but every hungry child is a victim of politics.” Erich Weingartner

5. Precipitating Factors: Flood Flood Drought

6. Mass gymnastics show glorifying the Sun, Kim Il Sung (2005)

7. ‘Arirang’ Mass Gymnastics Performance (2002)

9. Stunting: Low height for age =Chronic malnutrition Wasting: Low weight for height =Acute malnutrition

10. 1998 2002 2004 1998 2002 2004

11. Distribution of Stunting, All children under 7 years. 2002 and 2004 data 2002 2004 Normal distribution

12. Causes = Policy Choices

13. Rice Paddies North of Anju

14. Harrowing a Rice Paddy

15. The “Rural Technical Revolution” Mechanization Chemicalization Irrigation Electrification

16. Great Leader Kim Il Sung Teaches About Agriculture

17. Fertilizer Use and Food Production in DPRK, 1989 - 2004 Food production Fertilizer use

19. Lessons for Us

20. Crisis as Opportunity

22. - A new food security Local, sustainable agriculture systems

23. Five feasible changes Raise rice yield from 4.0 to 6.0 T/ha, and cut post-harvest loss to 5%. Raise corn yield from 3.5 to 5 T/ha, and farm only half the current area. Grow soybean in rotation on half the corn fields, and raise yield from 1.2 to 2.2 T/ha. Halve the area in double crops – which are not sustainable. Raise average yields of other small grains (wheat, etc) from 2.0 to 3.0 T/ha --- Would meet 98% of calorie need, and 102% of protein need

24. Itemunits needed total cost ($ million) green manure seed7000 tons11 50 hp tractors1900095 small farm equipment3550047 small irrigation systems240000 ha167 farm trucks6300100 subtotal420 administration and technical assistance420 total840 Estimated Investment for Sustainable Agriculture System in DPRK

26. Wind Turbines such as these can be used in DPRK

27. Extolling the Advantage of Raising Ostriches

28. Mass Gymnastics Praising Modern Poultry Farming