1. Ethnic / Linguistic Groups in Taiwan 1/20 What are the various groups in Taiwan?

2. Singh’s Multiple Layers of Ethnicity Englishman Scots East Indian Frenchman American Martian Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 2/20

3. Myths and Truth about Language and Ethnic Groups Myths  People BELIEVE there are LANGUAGE differences (pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax) between races or ethnic groups  People THINK they can tell by listening to people’s speech. Truth  These differences are LEARNED BEHAVIOUR: People talk like the people they live around. Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, pp. 42-43. 3/20

4. What Language Can Babies Learn? 戎人生乎戎，長乎戎，而戎言；不知其 所受之。楚人生乎楚，長乎楚，而楚 言；不知其所受之。今使楚人長乎戎， 戎人長乎楚；則楚人戎言，戎人楚言 矣。 呂氏春秋 用眾 用眾 section Available online 4/20

5. Multiple Layers of Ethnicity 1 The fact that people can have multiple layers of ethnic identity was neatly illustrated on a 1997 advertisement on BBC Radio 1 for a helpline for victims of racial harassment. It took the form first of two men, one English, the other Scottish, arguing in a pub. The two traded insults based on the other’s individual ethnic identity. Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 5/20

6. Multiple Layers of Ethnicity 2 A third man, with an East Indian accent, then intervened and the Englishman and Scotsman then claimed solidarity as ‘real’ British, turning on the member of the British East Indian minority group. Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 6/20

7. Multiple Layers of Ethnicity 3 A Frenchman then walked into the foray, which caused the Englishman, Scotsman and East Indian to claim solidarity as ‘British’ and to carry on a well-established tradition of hostility with France. Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 7/20

8. Multiple Layers of Ethnicity 4 An American then stepped in, causing the Frenchman and the ‘British’ to merge into ‘Europeans’. Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 8/20

9. Multiple Layers of Ethnicity 5 The sketch ended with the appearance of a Martian, which then united the rest as ‘Earth humans’. Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 9/20

10. King Charles V (1500-1558) Charles V is quoted as saying: I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men and German to my horse. From The Columbia World of Quotations (1996) found at www.bartleby.comwww.bartleby.com 10/20

11. French Equivalents for Borrowed Words Loan Word Native Equivalent le weekend  la fin de la semaine computer  ordinateur software  logiciel digital  numérique email  courriel 11/20

12. Source: www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditionswww.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions 12/20

13. Source: www.ethnomusic.ucla.edu/ensembles/worldmusic/balkans/map.htmwww.ethnomusic.ucla.edu/ensembles/worldmusic/balkans/map.htm 13/20

14. Source: www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditionswww.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions 14/20 Serbia Bosnia Croatia

15. The Language(s) of Yugoslavia Language SerbianCroatian Bosnian Ethnicity SerbsCroat Bosnians Location EastWest Middle Alphabet Cyrillic Latin ? Religion Orthodox Catholic Muslim Christian Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, based on information on pp. 46-48. 15/20

16. Substratum Influence on English Gaelic Substratum West Highland Standard Scots English Take that whisky hereBring that whisky here. I’m seeing you!I can see you! It’s not that I don’t want that. that I’m wanting. Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 51. 16/20

17. What AAVE is and is not  It IS a DIFFERENT VARIETY of English.  It may look like it is BAD [STANDARD] ENGLISH, but it is not.  Because it is a Different Variety it has ITS OWN RULES.  So, it CANNOT / SHOULD NOT be compared with Standard English [if the intent is to show how it DEVIATES from that SUPPOSED NORM.] 17/20

18. AAVE Absence of Present Tense BE She real nice. They out there. He not American. If you good, you going to heaven. BUT I know what it is. Is she? Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 55. 18/20

19. AAVE Invariant BE He usually be around Sometime she be fighting Sometime when they do it, most of the problems always be wrong. She be nice and happy. They sometimes be incomplete. BUT *He be busy right now.(No be) *He be my father.(No be) Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 55. 19/20

20. UK Social Class and Accent— Population View Montgomery, Martin. 1995. An Introduction to Language and Society, 2nd edition. Routledge, p. 71. 20/20