1. SCOAP 3 a new publishing model for High-Energy Physics Salvatore Mele, Jens Vigen CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research scoap3.org HEP and CERN Scholarly communication & Open Access in HEP The SCOAP 3 model The SCOAP 3 fundrising A possible role for India Conclusions and outlook

2. High-Energy Physics (or Particle Physics) "What is the world made of? & "What holds it together? HEP aims to understand how our Universe works: discover the constituents of matter and energy understand their interactions unveil the ultimate texture of space and time Experimental HEP builds the largest scientific instruments ever to reach energy densities close to the Big Bang (~15000 scientists, 20% of literature) Theoretical HEP predicts and interprets the observed phenomena (~15000 scientists, 80% of literature)

3. CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research (since 1954) The world leading HEP laboratory, Geneva (CH) 2500 staff (mostly engineers,administrators/services) 9000 users (physicists from 580 institutes in 85 countries) 3 Nobel prizes (Accelerators, Detectors, Discoveries) Invented the web Sept. 10, 2008: switched-on the 27-km (6bn) LHC accelerator, the big-bang machine (First articles in 2009) Director General and Director General Designate strong advocates of Open Access Runs a 1-million objects Digital Library CERN Convention (1953): ante-litteram Open Access manifesto … the results of its experimental and theoretical work shall be published or otherwise made generally available

4. The Large Hadron Collider Largest scientific instrument ever built, 27km of circumference The coolest place in the Universe -271˚C 10000 people involved in its design and construction Worldwide budget of 6bn Will collide protons to reproduce conditions at the birth of the Universe......40 million times a second

5. Important contributions from: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (Mumbai), Burdwan University (Burdwan), Department of Atomic Energy (Kolkata), Aligarh Muslim University (Aligarh), Bhubaneswar University (Bhubaneswar), Matrivani Institute of Experimental Research & Education (Kolkata), Panjab University (Chandigarh), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kolkata), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (Mumbai), University of Delhi South Campus (New Delhi), University of Jammu (Jammu), University of Rajasthan (Jaipur) - CAT, IGCAR, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre of the Department of Atomic Energy (Kolkata), Institute of Physics (Bhubaneswar, Orissa)

6. The LHC experiments: about 100 million sensors each [think your 6MP digital camera......taking 40 million pictures a second] ATLAS five-storey building CMS

7. A strong request from the scientists "We strongly encourage the usage of electronic publishing methods for our publications and support the principles of Open Access Publishing, which includes granting free access of our publications to all. Furthermore, we encourage all our members to publish papers in easily accessible journals, following the principles of the Open Access Paradigm." ATLAS; approved on 23rd February 2007 CMS; approved on 2nd March 2007 ALICE; approved on 9th March 2007 LHCb; approved on 12th March 2007 4 experimental groups 7000 scientists from 54 countries 105 scientists from 12 Indian institutes

8. Open Access: Grant anybody, anywhere and anytime access to the (peer-reviewed) results of (publicly-funded) research (...and contain overall costs for libraries)

9. The HEP preprint culture In the 60s, HEP scientists could not wait ~1 year for their articles to reach their peers through journals Preprints as main vehicle of information in HEP Researchers (of affluent institutions) mass-mailed preprints to hundreds of (prestigious and therefore affluent) institutions Ante-litteram (institution-pays) Open Access! HEP libraries classified preprints received worldwide Natural evolutions in scholarly communication: –First e-catalogue of grey literature (SPIRES, Stanford, 1974) –First repository (arXiv.org, Los Alamos, 1991) –First web site in North America (SPIRES, Stanford, 1991) Today, 91% of HEP scientists uses arXiv or SPIRES for their information need (and the rest Google) L.Goldschmidt-Clermont, 1965, http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00000445/02/communication_patterns.pdf L. Addis, 2002, http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/papers/history.html R.Heuer et al, http://arXiv.org/abs/0805.2739

10. arXiv, the archetypal subject repository Discovery and first plateaus Steady state & constant output (Green) Open Access, second nature: posting to arXiv before even submitting to a journal is common practice –No mandate, no debate, no advocacy. Author-benefit driven –Author-formatted peer-reviewed revisions routinely uploaded –All publishers allow self-archiving. APS hosts an arXiv mirror! Conference contributions

11. HEP and its journals Journals are on the way to lose (lost?) a century-old role as vehicles of scholarly communication. Still, evaluation of institutes and (young) researchers is based on high-quality peer-reviewed journals. The main role of journals is to assure high-quality peer-review and act as keepers-of-the-records The HEP community needs high-quality journals, our interface with officialdom Implicitly, the HEP community supports this role by purchasing subscriptions, as ~80-90% reads only arXiv Some subscription prices make the current model unsustainable, in HEP and elsewhere As an all-arXiv discipline HEP is at high risk to see its journal canceled by large multidisciplinary university libraries (when not already happened)

12. Whats the problem with (some) journals? Organizing the peer-review has a cost It is accepted that this cost is borne by the community (so far by the readers, through subscription prices) How much do the costs grow? The present subscription model is not sustainable: the community needs a new model to (1) contain costs and (2) achieve Open Access

13. The HEP publishing landscape 5000-7000 HEP articles/year, according to definition of HEP Practically all articles are available as arXiv OA pre/post-prints 90% of articles are in theory 80% of articles published in 6 leading journals by 4 publishers 62% of articles by not-for-profit (nor-for-loss) publishers SCOAP 3 is not limited to any set of journals but open to all high-quality HEP journals! Source: SPIRES, 2006

14. US and European HEP journals Study of 11326 HEP articles published in 2005-2006 in PRD,JHEP,PLB,NPB,EPJC,PRL and NIMA Krause et al. CERN-OPEN-2007-014 OA solutions in HEP must be geographically global, as HEP research is a global endeavor

15. Publications by Indian HEP scientists Source: S.Mele el al, JHEP 12(2006)S01 Normalization to the number of authors onto a paper: only the Indian" fraction of an article is counted. E.g. article with only 2 authors, both Indian, counts as 1, an article with 9 physicists out of which only 3 are Indian, counts as 1/3. Where are arXiv:hep preprints with at least a Indian author published?

16. Publications by Indian HEP scientists Source: SPIRES 208 Institutes contributing to 2679 HEP articles since 2004 ARIES, Nainital, Agra U., Ahmedabad, Phys. Res. Lab, Aligarh Muslim U., Allahabad U., Amity U., Sch. Eng. Tech., Amravati U., Amrita U., Ananda Mohan Coll., Andhra U., Assam Sci. Tech. Envir. Council, Assam U, B.J.B. Coll., Balichak Girls' HS, Banaras Hindu U., Bangalore U., Bangalore, Indian Inst. Astrophys.,Bangalore, Indian Inst. Sci., Bankura Sammilani Coll., Bapurao Deshmukh Coll. Eng., Barasat Govt. Coll.m Baroda U., Behala Coll., Kolkata, Bengal Engin. Sci. U., Howrah, Berhampur U., Bhabha Atomic Res. Ctr., Bharat Electronics, Bangalore, Bhat, Inst. Plasma Res., Bhubaneswar, Inst. Phys., Birla Inst. Tech. Sci., Birla Inst. Technol Mesra, Birla Sci. Ctr., Hyderabad, Bose Inst., Kolkata, Bose Natl. Ctr., Kolkata, Burdwan U., CAT, INDUS, CECRI, Karaikudi, CREST, Hoskote, Calcutta Inst. Tech., Calcutta U., Dept. Appl. Math., Calcutta, Central Drugs Lab., Calcutta, City Coll., Calcutta, VECC, Calicut U., Chennai Math. Inst., Cochin U., Cotton Coll., Gauhati, Ctr. for Space Phys., Kolkata, DSN Coll., Unnao, Darjeeling Govt. Coll., Debraj Coll., Golaghat, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Coll., Delhi Coll. Engin., Delhi U., Devi Ahilya U., Dinabandhu Andrews Coll., Durgapur Govt. Coll., Fazl Ali Coll., G.C. Coll., Silchar, GMR, Rajam, Gangadhar Meher Coll., Garhwal U., Gauhati U., Gorakhpur U., Govt. Coll., Sawai Madhopur, Gujarat U., Guru Nanak Dev U., Gurudas Coll., Kolkata, Haldia Inst. Tech., ICARE, Harish Chandra Coll., Harish-Chandra Res. Inst., Heritage Inst. Tech., Himachal Pradesh U., Hindu Post-Graduate Coll., Hyderabad U., Hyderabad, IIIT, IACS, Kolkata, IIT, Roorkee, IMSc, Chennai, ISRO, Bangalore, IUAC, New Delhi, IUC-DAEF, Kolkata, IUCAA, Pune, India Meteorological Dept., Alipore, Indian Inst. Tech., Guwahati, Indian Inst. Tech., Kanpur, Indian Inst. Tech., Kharagpur, Indian Inst. Tech., Madras, Indian Inst. Tech., Mumbai, Indian Inst. Tech., New Delhi,Indian Space Res. Org., Indian Statistical Inst., Bangalore, Indian Statistical Inst., Calcutta, Indore, Ctr. for Advanced Tech., Inst. Natl. Phil., India, JECRC, Jaipur, Jabalpur, Govt. Eng. Coll.,,Jadavpur U., Jaipuria Coll., Calcutta, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jammu U., Jangipur Coll., Jhargram Raj Coll., Jorhat, Coll. Sci., K.N. Post-Graduate Coll., KSIT, Bangalore, Kalpakkam Reactor Res. Ctr., Kalyani U., Kanpur, Christ Church Coll., Karnatak U., Kashmir U.,,Khallikote Coll., Berhampur, Kumaun U., Kurukshetra U., L.B.S. Coll., Lady Brabourne Coll., Calcutta, Lucknow U., M.N. College, M.V.G.R. Coll. Engin., Vizianagaram, Madras Christian Coll., Madras U., Maharaja Manindra Chandra Coll., Maharajas Coll., Maharshi Dayanand U., Mahatma Gandhi U., Mangalore U., Manipal Inst. Tech., Manipal U., Manipur U., Manonmaniam Sundaranar U., Matrivani Inst., Calcutta, Maulana Azad Coll., Meghnath Saha Inst. Technol., Mohanlal Sukhadia U., Motilal Nehru Natl. Inst. Tech., Mumbai U., Mysore, Coll. Education, NCRA, Ganeshkhind, Nagpur U., Nagpur, Central Res. Inst., Narasinha Dutt Coll.,Narsapur Swarnandhra Coll. Engin. Technol., Natl. Inst. Tech., Durgapur, Natl. MST Radar Facility, Nehru U., Netaji Nagar Coll. for Women, Netaji Nagar Day Coll., Netaji Subhas Inst. Technol., New Delhi, New Alipore Coll., New Delhi, Natl. Physical Lab, North Bengal U., Darjeeling, North Orissa U., Northeastern Hill U., Shillong, Osmania U., Panjab U., Poornaprajna Inst. Sci. Res., Prananath Coll., Presidency Coll., Calcutta, Priyadarshini Coll. Eng., Pune U., Punjab Eng. Coll., Punjabi U., RBS Coll., Agra, Raghunathpur Coll., Raisoni Coll. Eng., Rajasthan U., Raman Research Inst., Bangalore, Ramjas Coll., Rewa, Govt. Sci. Coll., Roorkee U., Rourkela, Regional Eng. Coll., S.C.S. Coll., Puri, S.D.J. Post-Graduate Coll., Azamgarh, SBMJ Coll., Bangalore, SGTB Khalsa Coll., SLIET, Longowal, Saha Inst., Sambalpur U., Sardar Patel U., Satya Bharati Vidyapith, Sci. Coll., Nagpur, Sci. Coll., Pauni, Scottish Church Coll., Calcutta, Shanmugha Eng. Coll., Sikar Sobhasaria Engin. Coll., Sonepur Coll., Orissa, Sovarani Mem. Coll., Howrah, Sri Sathya Sai Inst., St. Joseph's Coll., Tiruchirapalli, St. Stephen's Coll., St. Thomas Coll., India, St. Xaviers Coll., Kolkata, Stani Coll., Surendranath Coll., TDB Coll., Raniganj, Tata Inst., Tezpur U., UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata, Uluberia Coll., Utkal U., Vidyasagar Evening Coll., Vidyasagar U., Vijaya Coll., Visakhapatnam GITAM U., Visva Bharati U., Visvesvaraya Coll. Eng., Vivekananda Coll., Washim R.A. Mahavidyalaya Coll.

17. Evolving publication habits Source: SPIRES Phases of stability alternated with fast growth/decline N.B. Only articles which appeared in the six largest HEP journals are considered.

18. Surprising reading habits Preliminary data from a sample of 4000 HEP scientists in 5 institutes and countries Full-text downloads per user per year Physics Letters B0.688% Physical Review D0.495% Nuclear Physics B0.497% JHEP0.1100% Eur. Phys J. C0.177% arXiv coverage Data: CERN, DESY, FNAL, IN2P3, INFN

19. Information discovery in HEP User survey with over 2000 answers 91 % Community services 9% Google <0.1% Commercial services 40 % Subject repositories 51 % Lab-supported databases Which HEP Information System do you use the most? 6% for scholars > 6 career years 22% for scholars < 2 career years Gentil-Beccot et al. arxiv:0804.2701 Catalogue of preprints and published material. Given a choice between an arXiv link and a publisher website, 80-90% of the times users go to arXiv.

20. HEP and Open Access After preprints, arXiv and the web, Open Access journals are the natural evolution of HEP scholarly communication

21. Open Access business models in HEP Hybrid model: Per-article OA fee on top of subscriptions –Negligible success in HEP. Author FAQ: why pay something (peer-review) you can get for free (the library pays subscriptions) SPONSORED ARTICLE Author-pays: No subscriptions. Authors (institutions) pay per- article journals processing fees –Model in its infancy in HEP. Author FAQ: why pay something you can get for free elsewhere (the library pays subscriptions) Institutional membership: for a (small) fee in addition to subscriptions, all articles with at least one author from the institution are OA –Leading laboratories (LHC) and the entire France trying this scheme. –Authors like OA without financial barriers in high-IF journals (<<1%) (~4%) (and percentage of HEP literature)

22. National Open Access initiatives in HEP (and other fields of physics) Pramana Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, Indian Physics Association Brazilian Journal of Physics Brazilian Physical Society Acta Physica Polonica Jagellonian University, Cracow, Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences... Mix business models: government/academy sponsorship, print subscriptions, membership fees. Excellent outlets to disseminate to wider world science done in one country (and/or by younger scientists) Do not solve key problems of libraries: subscribe to a large/expensive amount of content produced worldwide

23. The SCOAP 3 model Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics Going beyond current experiments http://scoap3.org/files/Scoap3ExecutiveSummary.pdf http://scoap3.org/files/Scoap3WPReport.pdf scoap3.org

24. The SCOAP 3 Model A consortium sponsors HEP publications and makes them Open Access by re-directing subscription money. Five core journals: PRD, JHEP, PLB, NPB, EPJC –Carry a majority of HEP content: aim to convert entirely to Open Access Two broadband journal: PRL, NIM –10% & 25% HEP: conversion to Open Access of this fraction Other, lower-volume, high-quality HEP journals –conversion to Open Access of the HEP content Today: (funding bodies through) libraries purchase journal subscriptions to (indirectly) support the peer-review service and to allow their users to read articles. Tomorrow: funding bodies and libraries contribute to the SCOAP 3 consortium, which pays centrally for the organization of the peer-review service, through a call for tender. Articles are free to read for everyone. SCOAP 3 is not limited to any set of journals but open to all high-quality HEP journals!

25. Guesstimating the budget envelope Physical Review D (APS) income of 2.7M/year (31% of arXiv:hep) Journal of High Energy Physics (SISSA/IOP) needs ~1M/year (19% of arXiv:hep) HEP Open Access price tag: 10M/year Other ways to estimate the budget envelope A published PRD article costs APS ~1500 Volume of HEP articles: 5000-7000/year (data and exchange rate of April 07) The final price-tag for SCOAP 3 will be known after a call for tender for the peer-review and other editorial services will be placed with publishers

26. SCOAP 3 financing SCOAP 3 to be funded through a fair-share model based on the fraction of HEP articles per country: the more a country uses the system the larger its share. Figures are very stable over time. Allowing only SCOAP 3 partners to publish Open Access would replicate the subscription scheme and not solve the problems. Make a 10% allowance for countries without a scientific or library infrastructure who at the beginning might not contribute to the scheme. The model is viable only if every country is on board! Success through consensus and unanimity, not majority. Not a weakness: a strength! Krause et al. CERN-OPEN-2007-014

27. The ATLAS detector ready for discoveries at the LHC! How are you going to put it together? 40 funding agencies 400 M (Excluding person-power) 1000 contracts

28. SCOAP 3 - HEP collaborative experience O(50) partners 10 M O(10) contracts with publishers Establish OA publishing by using the blueprint used to finance and build the largest experiments ever!

29. The response of libraries worldwide to the SCOAP 3 model http://scoap3.org/whoisscoap3.html http://scoap3.org/fundraising.html scoap3.org

30. Novelties of the SCOAP 3 model A sustainable alternative to the subscription model meeting the expectations of researchers, funding agencies, libraries and publishers. Link, through its call for tender, price and quality. Correlate through its contracts volume and price. This is not the case in the subscription model. Eliminate author-pays fees, in competition with research funds which appear as a barrier for Open Access in HEP. There is no such competition in the SCOAP 3 model based on re-direction of subscriptions. Experiment for journal-administered peer-review services against a unique background of complete self-archiving of research articles.

31. Novelties of the SCOAP 3 model Converting an entire field by re-directing subscription funds avoids paying more for OA Number of articles Expenditure ? Time Flipping the entire volume avoids surprises! ?

32. Evolving publication habits Source: SPIRES Phases of stability alternated with fast growth/decline N.B. Only articles which appeared in the six largest HEP journals are considered.

33. Next steps Funding partners identify country-by-country schemes to re-direct journal subscriptions to SCOAP 3 [no money changes hands] Countries pledge their contribution to SCOAP 3 through a countrywide Expression of Interest [no money changes hands] Once a sizeable fraction of budget is pledged –SCOAP 3 formally established, with international governance –SCOAP 3 can issue a tender to publishers [no money changes hands] Publishers answer the tender agreeing to: 1.Journal licence packages are un-bundled, the OA titles are removed and subscription prices are reduced accordingly 2.In the case of long-term subscription contracts, publishers will be required to reimburse subscription costs pertaining to OA journals [no money changes hands] SCOAP 3 international governing board adjudicates contracts [no money changes hands] Contracts with publisher are signed and funds are transferred to SCOAP 3 [payments happen] Aim to 3-year tendering cycle,with funding commitments in sliding windows

34. Status of the SCOAP 3 fund-raising 56% of funds have been or are about to be pledged, commitment to re-direct subscriptions to HEP journals mostly by library consortia acting on behalf of whole countries 34 Discussions and negotiations in progress with all countries not yet in the list, in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Austria Belgium CERN Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Romania Slovakia Sweden Switzerland JISC (UK) 47 US partners (>50%) -consortia (NERL,CDL,GWLA,OhioLink...) -laboratories -individual libraries Israel, Turkey Australia 0.6M 5.0M 4.4M

35. India is the 11th largest contributor to HEP authorship 2.7% of authors of HEP articles are affiliated to Indian institutes(*) Potential yearly SCOAP 3 contribution of 297k, to compare to nationwide subscriptions to HEP journals (*) 208 Indian Institutes with authors who published a HEP article since 2004 (source SPIRES): SCOAP 3 cannot happen without Indian support ! ARIES, Nainital, Agra U., Ahmedabad, Phys. Res. Lab, Aligarh Muslim U., Allahabad U., Amity U., Sch. Eng. Tech., Amravati U., Amrita U., Ananda Mohan Coll., Andhra U., Assam Sci. Tech. Envir. Council, Assam U, B.J.B. Coll., Balichak Girls' HS, Banaras Hindu U., Bangalore U., Bangalore, Indian Inst. Astrophys.,Bangalore, Indian Inst. Sci., Bankura Sammilani Coll., Bapurao Deshmukh Coll. Eng., Barasat Govt. Coll.m Baroda U., Behala Coll., Kolkata, Bengal Engin. Sci. U., Howrah, Berhampur U., Bhabha Atomic Res. Ctr., Bharat Electronics, Bangalore, Bhat, Inst. Plasma Res., Bhubaneswar, Inst. Phys., Birla Inst. Tech. Sci., Birla Inst. Technol Mesra, Birla Sci. Ctr., Hyderabad, Bose Inst., Kolkata, Bose Natl. Ctr., Kolkata, Burdwan U., CAT, INDUS, CECRI, Karaikudi, CREST, Hoskote, Calcutta Inst. Tech., Calcutta U., Dept. Appl. Math., Calcutta, Central Drugs Lab., Calcutta, City Coll., Calcutta, VECC, Calicut U., Chennai Math. Inst., Cochin U., Cotton Coll., Gauhati, Ctr. for Space Phys., Kolkata, DSN Coll., Unnao, Darjeeling Govt. Coll., Debraj Coll., Golaghat, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Coll., Delhi Coll. Engin., Delhi U., Devi Ahilya U., Dinabandhu Andrews Coll., Durgapur Govt. Coll., Fazl Ali Coll., G.C. Coll., Silchar, GMR, Rajam, Gangadhar Meher Coll., Garhwal U., Gauhati U., Gorakhpur U., Govt. Coll., Sawai Madhopur, Gujarat U., Guru Nanak Dev U., Gurudas Coll., Kolkata, Haldia Inst. Tech., ICARE, Harish Chandra Coll., Harish-Chandra Res. Inst., Heritage Inst. Tech., Himachal Pradesh U., Hindu Post- Graduate Coll., Hyderabad U., Hyderabad, IIIT, IACS, Kolkata, IIT, Roorkee, IMSc, Chennai, ISRO, Bangalore, IUAC, New Delhi, IUC-DAEF, Kolkata, IUCAA, Pune, India Meteorological Dept., Alipore, Indian Inst. Tech., Guwahati, Indian Inst. Tech., Kanpur, Indian Inst. Tech., Kharagpur, Indian Inst. Tech., Madras, Indian Inst. Tech., Mumbai, Indian Inst. Tech., New Delhi,Indian Space Res. Org., Indian Statistical Inst., Bangalore, Indian Statistical Inst., Calcutta, Indore, Ctr. for Advanced Tech., Inst. Natl. Phil., India, JECRC, Jaipur, Jabalpur, Govt. Eng. Coll.,,Jadavpur U., Jaipuria Coll., Calcutta, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jammu U., Jangipur Coll., Jhargram Raj Coll., Jorhat, Coll. Sci., K.N. Post-Graduate Coll., KSIT, Bangalore, Kalpakkam Reactor Res. Ctr., Kalyani U., Kanpur, Christ Church Coll., Karnatak U., Kashmir U.,,Khallikote Coll., Berhampur, Kumaun U., Kurukshetra U., L.B.S. Coll., Lady Brabourne Coll., Calcutta, Lucknow U., M.N. College, M.V.G.R. Coll. Engin., Vizianagaram, Madras Christian Coll., Madras U., Maharaja Manindra Chandra Coll., Maharajas Coll., Maharshi Dayanand U., Mahatma Gandhi U., Mangalore U., Manipal Inst. Tech., Manipal U., Manipur U., Manonmaniam Sundaranar U., Matrivani Inst., Calcutta, Maulana Azad Coll., Meghnath Saha Inst. Technol., Mohanlal Sukhadia U., Motilal Nehru Natl. Inst. Tech., Mumbai U., Mysore, Coll. Education, NCRA, Ganeshkhind, Nagpur U., Nagpur, Central Res. Inst., Narasinha Dutt Coll.,Narsapur Swarnandhra Coll. Engin. Technol., Natl. Inst. Tech., Durgapur, Natl. MST Radar Facility, Nehru U., Netaji Nagar Coll. for Women, Netaji Nagar Day Coll., Netaji Subhas Inst. Technol., New Delhi, New Alipore Coll., New Delhi, Natl. Physical Lab, North Bengal U., Darjeeling, North Orissa U., Northeastern Hill U., Shillong, Osmania U., Panjab U., Poornaprajna Inst. Sci. Res., Prananath Coll., Presidency Coll., Calcutta, Priyadarshini Coll. Eng., Pune U., Punjab Eng. Coll., Punjabi U., RBS Coll., Agra, Raghunathpur Coll., Raisoni Coll. Eng., Rajasthan U., Raman Research Inst., Bangalore, Ramjas Coll., Rewa, Govt. Sci. Coll., Roorkee U., Rourkela, Regional Eng. Coll., S.C.S. Coll., Puri, S.D.J. Post-Graduate Coll., Azamgarh, SBMJ Coll., Bangalore, SGTB Khalsa Coll., SLIET, Longowal, Saha Inst., Sambalpur U., Sardar Patel U., Satya Bharati Vidyapith, Sci. Coll., Nagpur, Sci. Coll., Pauni, Scottish Church Coll., Calcutta, Shanmugha Eng. Coll., Sikar Sobhasaria Engin. Coll., Sonepur Coll., Orissa, Sovarani Mem. Coll., Howrah, Sri Sathya Sai Inst., St. Joseph's Coll., Tiruchirapalli, St. Stephen's Coll., St. Thomas Coll., India, St. Xaviers Coll., Kolkata, Stani Coll., Surendranath Coll., TDB Coll., Raniganj, Tata Inst., Tezpur U., UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata, Uluberia Coll., Utkal U., Vidyasagar Evening Coll., Vidyasagar U., Vijaya Coll., Visakhapatnam GITAM U., Visva Bharati U., Visvesvaraya Coll. Eng., Vivekananda Coll., Washim R.A. Mahavidyalaya Coll.

36. SCOAP 3 timeline Funding partners identify country-by-country schemes to re- direct journal subscriptions to SCOAP 3 and pledge their contribution to SCOAP 3 Once a sizeable fraction of budget is pledged, reflecting the worldwide character of HEP and SCOAP 3 : SCOAP 3 will be formally established, with international governance SCOAP 3 can issue a tender to publishers Publishers answer the tender agreeing to: Journal licence packages are un-bundled, the OA titles are removed and subscription prices are reduced accordingly In the case of long-term subscription contracts, publishers will be required to reimburse subscription costs pertaining to OA journals SCOAP 3 international governing board adjudicates contracts, taking into account journal quality and prices Contracts with publisher are signed and funds are transferred to SCOAP 3 which then pays publishers. Aim to 3-year tendering cycle, with funding commitments in sliding windows

37. Thank you! Salvatore.Mele@cern.ch Jens.Vigen@cern.ch scoap3.org Additional resources: Report of the SCOAP3 Working Party http://scoap3.org/files/Scoap3WPReport.pdf R. Heuer et al. Innovation in Scholarly Communication: Vision and Projects from High-Energy Physics http://arxiv.org/abs/0805.2739 R. Aymar, Scholarly communication in High-Energy Physics http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1115073 A. Gentil-Beccot et al. Information Resources in High-Energy Physics: Surveying the Present Landscape and Charting the Future Course http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.2701