1. Development for What? DEVS 201 – Fall 2012

2. What have we covered? Take a minute to think about what we have gone over in class Think in terms of activities and in terms of concepts/ideas Starting at the start, let’s describe the arc of the class

3. Some Key Themes Marginalized Voices/ways of being Development for What/for Whom? Land, Gender, Labour, Resources, Food and Trade Climate change/sustainability Building more inclusive/equal spaces (in society/in classrooms)

4. Three Eras of Rule Colonialism Rationale: Aspire to Western Civilization Universal Matching principle: Racial superiority Constructs: colonial subjects Development Rationale: Aspire to national development Universal Matching principle: collective self-determination Constructs: national citizens Globalization Rationale: Aspire to market led growth Universal Matching principle: self-maximizing individual Constructs: consumers

5. Each Era Leads to the next In each era, a crisis of legitimacy led to the next era: Colonialism – Civilization discourse came with Western notion of rights; by demanding these, colonial subjects showed colonialism to be illegitimate. Development – the era of collective self-determination was undermined from the start by global inequity; legitimacy of development depended on reproducing colonial classifications (such as peasant) that are based on inequality; the have and have not divide was identified with heavily indebted corrupt states, and therefore the legitimacy of a national development project was questioned. Globalization – getting the state out of the way of the market was metaphorically linked with opening up room for individual opportunity. Yet, inequalities have been deepened not reduced, leading to our current era of questioning What will come next?

6. What next – some snapshots McMichael gives us his answer to which trends are arising Latin American Rebellion against globalization – re- emergence of state-led development with social agenda China and India – both defying the neoliberal model of globalization, and yet now becoming major players and partners in the articulation of what comes next The Ecological question – both of the above visions of the future are grounded in a past of resource led social change. When issues of climate change are added to the discussion, what happens?

7. Development for What? McMichael argues that development has been based on inequalities Yet, he suggests we stand on the brink of another Polanyi cycle; for him “development futures” will governed by a tension between “one world” and “pluriverse” visions. Central to this tension is the question: development for what? (or for whom?)

8. Taking this in Speed debating will get us to come up with some basic ideas of what rethinking development could mean. Think about what McMichael’s answers to how we should rethink development? We will compare your answers to his at the end of the speed debating.

9. Speed Debating QUESTION 1: What do you think is the biggest challenge preventing an equitable world? and, QUESTION 2. What do you think needs to be done to fix it?