1. Big Idea 8: Properties of Matter SC. 4. P. 8
Big Idea 8: Properties of Matter SC.4.P.8.2 – Identify properties and common uses of water in each of its states.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Office of Academics and Transformation

2. OBJECTIVES
Recognize and identify the properties of water and it’s common uses.
Understand phase changes as they relate to water.

3. Water, Water Everywhere!
What do you know about water? What are some common uses of water?
Engage: Ahead of time, open up NBC Learn on your Employee Portal Applications. Click on the hyperlink: Water, Water Everywhere!
Then discuss questions with students.

4. What are Common Uses of Water?
Liquid State of Water
EXPLORE/EXPLAIN: Students observe pictures and discuss how water is being used.
Ask student what state of water is represented.

5. What are Common Uses of Water?
Solid State of Water
EXPLORE/EXPLAIN: Students observe pictures and discuss how water is being used.
Ask student what state of water is represented.

6. What are Common Uses of Water?
Gas State of Water
EXPLORE/EXPLAIN: Students observe pictures and discuss how water is being used.
Ask student what state of water is represented.

7. WHERE DO WE FIND WATER? Oceans Lakes Rivers Wetlands Icecaps Clouds
Soil
Between rock layers underground

8. EARTH’S WATER MAKES UP THE HYDROSPERE
All the liquid water and ice on Earth’s Surface
Liquid water in the ground
Water vapor in the atmosphere

9. Observing Drops of Water
1. Use an eye dropper to place a single drop of water
on a ordinary paper.
What happens? Why?
2. Place a single drop of water on waxed paper?
What happens? Why?
3. Add another drop of water on the wax paper. Use a
toothpick to pull the two drops together. What happens?
Then try to pull a drop out. What happens? Why?
Materials: water in a small container, hand lens, toothpick. eye dropper, or straw with one end folded down and held in place by a paper clip (homemade eye dropper)
Engage: Ask students what else they know about water and its properties.
Explore: Students follow steps 1-3 and record observations and responses in their journal.
Explain and Elaborate:
Students: Share observations and responses.
Teacher: 1. Water is absorbed because its particles are more attracted to the paper fibers that are porous (lots of tiny holes). Hold the paper up to the light. Look at the light passing through the porous paper. The water gets in through these holes.
The water drop balls up because the wax paper is not porous so the water particles in the drops keep their own attraction to each other. (Water is made up of tiny particles called molecules.)
The water drops try to resist being separated because the water particles (molecules) are attracted or hold together most strongly at the surface. This allows the water to be able to resist slight pressure, just like a skin covering. This effect is known as surface tension.

10. What did you learn about water drops?
Water as a liquid is sticky and elastic.
Water tends to clump together in drops rather than spread out in a thin film.
Students explain.
Division of Academics - Department of Science

11. Experiment: How many drops of water can fit on a penny?
Materials – penny, eyedropper, water
Predict how many drops of water will fit on a penny. Record.
Then start to add one drop at a time to the top of the penny. Record.
Did your data support your prediction?
Were you surprised to see how many
drops fit on the penny?.
Explore: You might think that you can’t fit many drops of water on the surface of a penny. Pennies are just so small! In the Drops on a Penny experiment, though, you’ll experience the stickiness of water drops that you explored in the previous activity at its finest. How many drops of water can you fit? There’s only one way to find out... by adding one drop at a time! - See more at:
Division of Academics - Department of Science

12. What are the three States of Water?
Liquid
Solid
Gas
EXPLAIN/EVALUATE

13. What makes water change state?
Liquid water changes to steam or water vapor, a gas, when it is heated to its boiling point.
From a Liquid to a Gas.
Explain: Discuss with students the affects of heating and cooling water.
Water vapor is the gas state of water.
Office of Academics - Department of Science

14. What makes water change state?
When you add heat to ice it changes to a liquid. It melts.
From a Solid to a Liquid.
Explain: Discuss with students the affects of heating and cooling water.
Ice is the solid state of water.
Office of Academics - Department of Science

15. What makes water change state?
From a Gas back to a Liquid.
When you cool water vapor, it changes to a liquid. It condenses.
Explain: Discuss with students the affects of heating and cooling water.
If heat energy DECREASES, a gas turns back into a liquid.

16. What makes water change state?
From a Liquid to a Solid.
When you cool liquid water, it changes into ice, a solid. It freezes.
Explain: Discuss with students the affects of heating and cooling water.
If heat energy continues to DECREASES, a liquid turns back into a solid.

17. Changing States of Water
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit
Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius, 32 degrees Fahrenheit

18. Observing Ice in Water (Record observations in your notebook.)
Create a Data Chart: Adding Ice in Water
Fill a cup with halfway full with water.
Take the water’s temperature and record.
Add an ice cube to a cup of water. Observe.
What does the ice do in the water? Record your observations.
After 2 minutes, take the temperature again and record. Repeat after 5 min. Record. After 10 min. Record.
Compare the temperature recorded at each of the interval times. What did you observe?
What happened to the ice?
Materials per Group: thermometer; water in a measuring cup or graduated cylinder; plastic cup; ice cube
Pre Activity preparation: Students Create a Data Chart: Adding Ice in Water
Explore: Students can do Observing Ice in Water activity in groups.
Division of Academics - Department of Science

19. Data Chart : Adding Ice in Water+
Time
Degrees in Celsius
Degrees in Fahrenheit
Starting
After 2 minutes
After 5 minutes
After 10 minutes
Conclusion:
Pre-activity: Students need to create a chart similar to the one above in their notebooks.
Post-Activity: Student groups can post their data. Results can be compared. Students write a conclusion.
Division of Academics - Department of Science

20. What did you observe about WATER as a SOLID - ICE?
Water as a solid (ice) floats in liquid water.
The ice lowers the temperature of the water when added.
Division of Academics - Department of Science

21. Properties of Water
Water is unique in that it is the only natural substance that is found in all three states -- liquid, solid (ice), and gas (steam) on Earth.
Water as a liquid is sticky and elastic, and tends to clump together in drops rather than spread out in a thin film.
Water as a solid (ice) is less dense than liquid water and floats on it.
Water changes state when enough heat or thermal energy is added to it or removed from it.
Water changing one from state to another is an example of a physical change.
Water freezes at 32o Fahrenheit (F) and 0o on the Celsius scale.
Water boils at 212o F and 100o on the Celsius scale.