1. Tooth with plaque
Magnification: 10X

2. Toothbrush and Tooth
Magnification: 75X

3. Human Finger tip
Magnification: 12X

4. Human Finger tip
Magnification: 600X

5. Human Skin with Bacteria
Magnification: 8,000X

6. Mosquito
Magnification: 50X

7. Human Cells
Magnification:
10,000X

8. Embryonic Hand
Magnification 7X
5 weeks
Embryonic Hand
Magnification 10X
11 weeks
Human Embryo
Magnification 10X
16 weeks

9. Stomach Pit with Red Blood Cell and Acid
Magnification: 3,000X

10. Human Brain
Magnification: 5X

11. 6 week Human Embryo
Magnification: 10X

12. The Microscope

13. Microscope—tool used to study things too small to be seen by the unaided eye.
History:
Invented by the Jansen brothers in 1590.
Improved by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in the 1600’s.
His first scope had a power of 270X.
He made over 400 different microscopes.
Known as the “Father of Microbiology.”
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

14. Types of Microscopes
Compound Light Microscope —uses lenses to magnify and light to illuminate. The most powerful can magnify 2000X.
Eyepiece —lens closest to the eye.
Objective lens —lens closest to the object.
Total magnification —the power of the eyepiece times the power of the objective.
Example: 10X x 43X = X

15. Types of Microscopes
Stereoscope —used to view larger objects. The light source is above the object, not below.

16. Types of Microscopes
Electron Microscope —uses magnets to focus a beam of electrons.
Electrons are negatively charged particles.
Total magnification can be up to 1,000,000X.
Disadvantages—sometimes can not study living organisms; expensive; too powerful
Types:
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)—used to study internal parts of a specimen.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)—used to see the surface of whole objects.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope—the most powerful. Invented in Has a magnification of 100 million times and a resolution of 1/100th the diameter of an atom.

17. Transmission Electron Microscope
The TEM passes electrons through the object being studied. It can magnify as much as 200,000x but can not be used to observe living tissue.

18. The TEM gives very detailed pictures of the internal structure of materials, either biological or non-biological.
Example: Golgi body of an a
animal cell.

19. Scanning Electron Microscope
The SEM has a magnification range of 15x to 200,000x and a resolution of 5 nanometers.
It produces a detailed, three dimensional black and white image
35x
200x
1000x
35000x

20. Specimens to be viewed by the SEM must be carefully dried to prevent shriveling and must be made to conduct electricity by coating them with a thin layer of gold in a machine called a sputter coater.
Dried specimen
Sputter coater

21. Finally, the specimen is placed in the microscope’s vacuum column through an air-tight door. Air is pumped out and an electron gun emits a beam of high-energy electrons which is focused by a series of magnets.

22. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope invented by John Wendelken and Joe Carpinelli. The microscope is nicknamed JEOL.

23. Microscope Diagram Eyepiece Eyepiece Tube Body Revolving Nosepiece Arm
Microscope Flipchart
Activity
Eyepiece
Eyepiece Tube
Body
Revolving Nosepiece
Objective lenses
Arm
Stage Clips
Stage
Diaphragm
Coarse Adjustment
Light
Fine Adjustment
Base