1. Land Use Transportation and Health

2. Adult obesity: 1989 No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

3. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1991 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

4. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1992 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

5. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1993 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

6. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1994 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

7. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1995 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

8. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1996 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

9. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1997 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

10. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1998 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

11. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 1999 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

12. No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19%  20% Adult obesity: 2000 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

13.  Obesity =  Diabetes  High Blood Pressure  Heart Disease  Stroke  Arthritis  Asthma  Some cancers Why does obesity matter? Obesity and Disease Risk:

14. Modifiable Behaviors Associated with Deaths, US, 1990 Three hundred thousand!

15. How much physical activity do we need each day to stay healthy?  30 minutes physical activity (cumulative)  moderate level/most days Result: significant health benefits Surgeon General’s Recommendation

16. Who says community design matters? The Centers for Disease Control “Changes in the community environment to promote physical activity may offer the most practical approach to prevent obesity or reduce its co-morbidities. Restoration of physical activity as part of the daily routine represents a critical goal.” Dr. Jeffrey Koplan, Dr. William Dietz, CDC

17. “Automobile trips that can be safely replaced by walking or bicycling offer the first target for increased physical activity in communities.” Dr. Jeffrey Koplan, Dr. William Dietz, CDC Why Walking and Bicycling?

18. What about children going to school? Only 31% of trips under 1 mile are by walking Only 2% of trips under 2 miles are by bicycling

19. What is needed for healthy change? Proactive encouragement by health care providers Changes in individual behavior Community designs that make walking & biking safe, easy & enjoyable!

20. How do we create Active Community Environments? Development patterns that improve the walking & biking environment Street designs that improve pedestrian & bicycle convenience, comfort & safety

21. Which design encourages more activity? Community design patterns matter Or?

22. Land Use and Transportation Choices

23. Mode Split Comparison: Europe and North America data 1990 or later Netherlands Denmark Germany (western) Switzerland Sweden Austria Germany (eastern) England & Wales France Italy Canada U.S.A. 0 20 40 60 80 100 BicycleWalkTransitAuto

24. Mode Split in Selected German Cities compared to Portland by Population Munich Cologne Essen Stuttgart Dusseldorf Bremen Hannover PORTLAND Nuremberg Meunster Kassel Freiberg 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% BicycleTransitWalkAuto Larger population than Portland Smaller population than Portland

25. Mode Split in the Netherlands by Trip Distance BicycleTransitWalkAuto Source: Statistics Netherlands, National Travel Survey, 1996 40% 26% 7% 40% 0-1.51.5-33-4.5>4.5All Trips Distance (miles) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Percentage 29%

26. Travel Choices by Adults: Netherlands, Germany, USA 18-2425-3940-6465-7475+18-4445-6465-7475+16-2425-3940-6465+ 0% 20% 60% 80% 100% Private Car Public Transport Bicycle Walk The NetherlandsGermanyUSA 40% 50% of people over 75 walk or bike

27. Developing the Bikeway Network 1973

28. 1983 Developing the Bikeway Network

29. 1993 Developing the Bikeway Network

30. 1998 Developing the Bikeway Network

31. 2003 Developing the Bikeway Network

32. Increasing Bicycle Use in Portland 199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002 Year 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Cyclists Per Day 0 50 100 150 200 250 Bikeway Miles Miles of Bikeways Bridge Bicycle Traffic 1992: 83 miles of bikeways 2,850 daily trips 2002: 238 miles of bikeways 8,250 daily trips

33.  Mix of land uses  Site design  Interconnected streets  Human-scale design Development patterns can improve the walking & bicycling environment

34. Mixed land use: schools, shops, parks close by To which store are you more likely to walk?

35. Site design: getting to buildings on foot or by bike How do you get there from here?

36. Site design: getting to buildings or parking a bike

37. Human-scale design: create inviting & memorable places