1. How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM? Mr. M. Gonzalez How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

2. Do Now: Portfolios ► Work on your research portfolios. ► Get your AEMs. How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

3. Closer Look at Portfolio Grading

4. Review: Portfolio Sections 1. Course Forms – (Syllabi, lab map, etc.) 2. Time Management – (Chronograms) 3. STEPS – (Project STEPS and SUNY Check Points) 4. Data – (Data you collect for projects on data tables) 5. Research Project – (Report Guide + Research Paper drafts, lab reports) 6. PCR – (Project Conference Reports) 7. PRJAs – (Peer Reviewed Journal Articles) 8. Protocols or Procedures – (Procedures and Materials) 9. Worksheets – (Lab/field or research worksheets) 10. Career – (Personal Statements, Cover Letter, CV) 11. Letters – (Recommendation and Commendation) 12. Certificates 13. Other??? How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

5. Objectives ► I can review what the buffering capacity (BC) of a solution is. ► I can adjust the BC of my AEM. ► I can monitor the BC of my AEM. How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

6. ► As you learned before, pH is important because it can change the speed of chemical reactions. ► If an ecosystem does not have the right pH, what will happen? Review: pH How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

7. What is Buffering Capacity? How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

8. Review: Buffering Capacity ► The Buffering Capacity of a solution is the ability that solution has to resist changes in it’s pH. ► In other words, if you add a base or acid to the solution the pH will change more slowly or not at all until a certain limit is hit. How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

9. Buffering Capacity and pH ► Is buffering capacity good or bad for an ecosystem? ► Why? How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

10. pH Facts ItempH Human Blood 7.41 Ocean Water 8.2 Acid Rain < 5.6 Milk ~ 6.4 Beer4-5 Vinegar ~ 3 Human Stomach 1.5 - 3 Nitrification7 Hydroponics 5.8 – 6.2 Ultra-filtered/Distilled water ~ 4.5

11. Comparing Buffering Capacity ► Where did you find a better buffering capacity Filtered water, HRE, or AEM? How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

12. Comparing Buffering Capacity ► Where did you find a better buffering capacity Filtered water, HRE, or AEM? Filtered waterHREAEM PoorGoodCurrently insufficient ► Why do you think HRE had a better Buffering Capacity? How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

13. What Exactly is Buffering Capacity? ► Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ) elevates the buffering capacity of an ecosystem. http://images.travelpod.com/tripwow/photos/ta-00ef-fc7e-3954/limestone-mountain-range-cluj- napoca-romania+1152_12984563398-tpfil02aw-22208.jpg How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

14. What Exactly is Buffering Capacity? ► CaCO 3 can be found on mountains as limestone. http://images.travelpod.com/tripwow/photos/ta-00ef-fc7e-3954/limestone-mountain-range-cluj- napoca-romania+1152_12984563398-tpfil02aw-22208.jpg How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

15. Where does CaCO 3 come from? ► CaCO 3 comes from ancient corals and other reef building organisms (i.e. oysters) that lived in the bottom of the sea a long time ago. http://www.en.mahidol.ac.th/control/envi_e/CoralReef_1.jpg How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

16. What Exactly Affects Buffering Capacity? ► After hundreds of millions of years, a lot of CaCO 3 has accumulated on the ocean bottom. http://img.geocaching.com/cache/5dfe9e8c-62b3-4f85-a7b6-9c6ab70f04fb.jpg How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

17. Sea Bottom Becomes a Mountain ► Some sea bottoms were pushed up due to plate tectonics to form mountains (Orogenesis). http://ncealevel2sci.wikispaces.com/fi le/view/tuhua_orogeny.png/82273427 /tuhua_orogeny.png How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

18. What Exactly Affects Buffering Capacity? ► Because of erosion CaCO 3 drains down from those mountains that have limestone. http://img.geocaching.com/cache/5dfe9e8c-62b3-4f85-a7b6-9c6ab70f04fb.jpg How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

19. Where will you get lime stone from? ► Coral rock has CaCO 3 ► Baking soda has Sodium Bicarbonate: NaHCO 3 http://www.naturesrock.com/images/coralbaserock2.jpg How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

20. Where will you get lime stone from? ► NaHCO 3 will also elevate the: Buffering Capacity. http://www.naturesrock.com/images/coralbaserock2.jpg How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

21. Activity ► You will write down the following procedures on to flow charts for tomorrow’s lab. How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

22. Title: Adjusting Buffering Capacity ► First, check the pH of your AEM with the Hanna Combo sensor. ► Check the Buffering Capacity with the test strips. ► Add ¼ tsp of baking soda to your AEM + a piece of coral rock ► Mix with skewer, and ► Check pH How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

23. Title: Adjusting Buffering Capacity ► If your pH is below 7, add more baking soda until it is 7 ► If your pH is below 7, add an acid solution until it comes down to 7. ► Once you’ve finished adjusting the pH check Buffering Capacity again with test strips and this time put your data into your data tables! ► Clean up How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

24. Clean Up ► Recap the probe FIRMLY by lining up the lettering on the cap and the face of the meter. ► Wait for clean-up instructions. ► Clean up your area, dump your rinse water out, dispose of gloves, and return materials. ► Begin work on your bar graph and analysis questions. How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?

25. HW ► Work on organizing your research portfolios. How do I Monitor and Adjust the Buffering Capacity of an AEM?