1. CMS ME CSC HV system Alex Madorsky University of Florida

2. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky2 Cathode Strip Chambers Main purpose of the CMS EMU CSC HV system: è Provide High Voltage for CMS Endcap Muon Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) CSC features that affect HV system design: è Small HV segments – high tolerance to HV failures è Same working voltage with small variations from segment to segment è Problematic segment can be fixed by: p Reducing voltage p Disconnecting from HV è Needs precise consumption current measurement for each segment One HV segment

3. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky3 Voltage and current parameters Voltage : The operational point 3.6 kV (full efficiency) The end of plateau is at 3.9 kV Current : Current per channel averaged over the full Encap Muon System: ~0.7 uA/segment Maximum expected current per segment: 2uA Needs to be monitored on each segment with good precision, to detect possible troubles.

4. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky4 UF/PNPI design è UF/PNPI HV system design: p 3.5 years of development p 3 prototypes + pre-production prototype produced p Prototypes passed all tests

5. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky5 Target specifications (1)

6. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky6 Target specifications (2)

7. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky7 Target specifications (3)

8. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky8 Target specifications (4) System structure defined by us Master HV sources and control computers in Control Room Voltage regulation and monitoring, current measurement by Distribution boards near disks

9. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky9 Target specifications (5) Two types of distribution boards: 36 channels (two small chambers) 30 channels (one large chamber) Output connector defined by us.

10. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky10 UF/PNPI HV system architecture Multiwire HV cables, 100 m, one per 18 distribution boards Primary HV power supplies: off the shelf Master board: One output per distribution board. Regulates voltage 0-4KV (VMAX), measures current on each output. Remote Distribution board: powers one large or two small chambers (36 outputs max). Regulates voltage 1KV down from VMAX, measures current on each output. Each output can be disconnected from HV if necessary.

11. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky11 Control interface

12. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky12 US CMS Review è Conducted on June 24 th 2003 in UF è UF/PNPI system selected over CAEN è Reasons: p Price p Design features: Simple and robust design No programmable logic in radiation – no SEU

13. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky13 UF/ PNPI CMS EMU CSC HV System Main Design Features Main technical approaches are shown è HV regulator è Current sensor è Fuse control è Digital control interface è Mechanical design

14. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky14 HV regulator (distribution board) Output voltage controlled by linear regulator (Q1) Regulates down to –1000V from input voltage Voltage measured by divider R1-R2 and U1A opamp. Regulator feedback via U2A Q2 and C1 provide HV decoupling

15. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky15 Current sensor R2 R3 D1 C1C2 + - U3A R5 R4 I Cv=KU U=IRs Q=UgCv Ug CHARGE SENSITIVE AMP. Uout=QCf=UgCvKuIRsCf=KI Rs Uout Cf Current measured across Rs Varicap D1 is used as voltage-sensitive element Input pulse is applied via C1 U3A is a charge-sensitive amplifier

16. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky16 Fuse control Situation requiring permanent disconnect is extremely rare (never happened on FAST sites) Fuse is used to disconnect channel from HV permanently To blow fuse: Low negative voltage applied to channel input Switch Q3 shorted Fuse can be quickly replaced during short access

17. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky17 Control interface Differential signal transmission (RS-485) Optically insulated Built completely on discrete logic

18. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky18 Control software è Based on PVSS and DIM server è Initial version of DIM server and PVSS shell works è Written with excellent assistance of Valery Sytnik (UC Riverside) è Targeted for full DCS compatibility è Work in progress

19. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky19 Mechanical construction Final mechanical construction Simple and rugged design PCB is optimized for automatic assembly

20. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky20 Distribution Rack Fan unit & heat exchanger Distribution crate Distribution boards HV and control cables patch panel Output HV cables to chambers Need from CMS: 1.Racks 2.Fan units & heat exchangers 3.Strain reliefs 4.Space in front and behind the racks 5.Low Voltage power for distribution boards

21. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky21 Distribution Racks Disk 1(Station 1)Disk 2 (Stations 2 and 3)Disk 3 (Station 4) Position in RackRack 1Rack 1 (right half of the disk) Rack 2 (left half of the disk) Rack 1 TOP Crate 1: 9  36Crate 1: 9  30 Crate 2: 9  36Crate 2: 9  30 Crate 3: 9  36Crate 3: 9  30 Crate 4: 9  36Crate 4: 9  30 Crate 1: 9  36 BOTTOM Crate 5: 9  36 In the table above: 9x30 means 9 boards of 30 channels. One board of 30 channels powers one ME23/2 chamber 9x36 means 9 boards of 36 channels. One board of 36 channels powers two ME23/1 (or similar) chambers This table shows the HV distribution boards necessary for one Endcap (+ or -).

22. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky22 Rack position for YE1 and YE2 YE1 has only one rack

23. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky23 Low Voltage Requirements for Remote Distribution Cards ParameterMinMax Positive voltage7 V8 V Negative voltage-8 V-7 V Current on both channels 300 mA Power per distribution board 4.2 W4.8 W Ripple/noise100 mV Low voltage power will be provided by CMS AC/DC LV system

24. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky24 Cooling Only remote distribution racks are discussed. Dissipated heat: è 4.8 W maximum per distribution board (about 3-4% of one chamber LV power) è ~216 W per rack maximum (45 boards) è ~1335 W for all distribution boards Cooling of distribution boards: è No enforced cooling is currently planned è Racks must be open on top and bottom for convection è Need heat exchangers to remove generated heat è May need fans (unlikely, will decide later)

25. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky25 Safety HV Cables è KERPEN halogen-free cables è Passed CERN flammability test HV Connectors è LEMO/REDEL, bought from CERN stock PCB material è FR-4, flammability rating 94-V0 Other components è Will be checked for CERN safety compliance

26. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky26 Design status è Boards’ design complete (electrical and mechanical) è Pre-production prototype constructed in UF, under tests now è Tests of the pre-production prototype: p Full bench test – OK p Chamber test on FAST site – OK p Radiation test – OK p Magnetic field test – November ’03 è Production boards - exact copy of the pre-production prototype

27. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky27 UF-PNPI collaboration è MOU between UF and PNPI is signed è Arrangement is very similar to chamber production è UF responsibility: p Development and production management p Pre-production prototype construction and testing p Test stands construction p Test procedures verification, instructions p Off-the-shelf components procurement p Bare PCBs manufacturing p Automated SMT assembly p US labor and components contingency

28. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky28 UF-PNPI collaboration è PNPI responsibility: p Simple mechanical components manufactured p Pre-production and production manual assembly p Pre-production and production testing p PNPI labor and space contingency

29. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky29 Schedule è ESR – November ’03 è Board production and SMT assembly start in US – end of November ’03 è Start of pre-production run in PNPI – end of January ’04 è Pre-production system test in UF – May ’04 è PNPI production readiness review, production start – July ’04 è Production finish – June ‘05

30. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky30 Installation and commissioning Installation: è To be done by CERN crew & UF/PNPI visitors è Will start as soon as the first shipment arrives to CERN (Oct 04’) è Very uncomplicated è 278 distribution boards, 30 crates è HV cables already installed by that time Commissioning: è LV power supplies are necessary – at least prototype è Would like to start as early as possible (Oct ‘04)

31. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky31 Conclusions è Design solutions are proved to be working è Pre-production prototype built è Pre-production prototype passed tests è Satisfies CMS EMU CSC HV system specs è Production documentation is being prepared

32. November 2003, CERNAlex Madorsky32 Radiation environment Expected: è Neutron Fluence: (1 - 4) x 10^10/sq cm è Total Ionizing Dose: ( 0.07 – 0. 7) kRad