1. Corruption ITP 0912

2. Corruption A way to unproperly influence the proceedings and the decision- making within the society.

3. Typically, the unlawful use of an official position to gain an advantage in contravention of duty. This can involve the promise of an economic benefit or other favour, the use of intimidation or blackmail. It can also refer to the acceptance of such inducements.

4. The misuse of entrusted power for private gain.

5. The objective: To lubricate the machinery – hindering the functions.

6. The actors Two actors – but in reality three the donor the receiver the superior to the receiver

7. The act The briberThe receiver PromiseIs open for the promise Offer Requires Handle overAccepts

8. Bribing or other kinds of incorrect considerations create dependency with the intention to break a confidence to the superior and/or to the community at large.

9. The bribe premio, benefit, conditions money, values, service, loan, gods, contract travels, hotel, costs at restaurants job with unreasonable high salary honors, discount

10. The benefit no necessarily is of economic value for the receiver, it can be of another kind of attraction.

11. Conflict of interests Misuse of power

12. Why possible? the limits are indistinct the definition does not exist habits and public opinion

13. The superior gives approval Conditions Intention Value The position of the receiver The personal relation

14. Travel - accetable Needed for the performance of the function Travel for studies Conferences, seminars Qualified content Gifts – small donations

15. Travel – not acceptable Travel with hidden vacation Vacation Family members as company Tickets for theater, movies Dinner and bar

16. The fight against corruption prevention and “public awareness” better control cooperation and investigations measures of adequate follow-ups

17. Investigation of corruption Accountibility Transparency Control/Audit Preventive measures

18. 5.428 companies in 40 countries 43% detected frauds PricewaterhouseCoopers Global Economic Crime Survey 2007

19. 4,2 billion USD 5,7 billion USD

20. Fraud/economic crime The intentional use of deceit to deprive another of money, property or a legal right.

21. Asset misappropriation (inc. embezzlement/deception by employees) The theft of company assets (including monetary assets/cash or supplies and equipment) by company directors, others in fiduciary positions or an employee for their own benefit.

22. Accounting fraud Company accounts are altered or presented in such a way that they do not reflect the true value or financial activities of the company.

23. Corruption and bribery (inc. racketeering and extortion) Typically, the unlawful use of an official position to gain an advantage in contravention of duty. This can involve the promise of an economic benefit or other favour, the use of intimidation or blackmail. It can also refer to the acceptance of such inducements.

24. Money laundering Actions intended to legitimise the proceeds of crime by disguising their true origin.

25. IP infringement (Intellectual property inc. trademarks, patents, counterfeit products and services, industrial espionage) This includes the illegal copying and/or distribution of fake goods in breach of patent or copyright and the creation of false currency notes and coins with the intention of passing them off as genuine. It also includes the illegal acquisition of trade secrets or company information.

37. 1. Sverige, Danmark, Nya Zealand 4. Singapore 5. Finland, Schweiz 7. Island, Nederländerna 9. Australien, Kanada Korruptionsbotten (mest) enligt TI 180. Somalia 178. Burma, Irak 177. Haiti 176. Afghanistan 173. Tchad, Guinea, Sudan

38. Corruption and international cooperation

39. Consequences?

40. -The development programme will be less effective and less efficient -There will be less funds for the programmed activities -Questionable competence of staff -Poorer quality

41. The corruption is a threat against democracy Deficient democracy feeds corruption

42. Corruption aggraviate the poverty of the world

43. Transparency and accountability

44. Accountable: I To be responsible to present to another body what has been done, what actions have been taken and how you have used the power and the resources under your responsibility.

45. II Make someone accountable and introduce sanctions or penalty as a response to wrongdoings or not acceptable behaviour.

46. An unbroken chain of accountability is the foundation of the fight against corruption

47. Transparency is needed to acheive accountibility

48. Transparency: To be open and to expose what you have done. Transparency is a way to fulfill the duty to be accountable.

49. Formal expressions: -reports, audit Informal expressions: - Opendness to present plans, answer questions and give insight into the affairs

50. Example from Uganda

51. In the international cooperation

52. There does not exist any structure that is clear and efficient regarding the financial activities within the cooperation.

53. Politicians are accounibles to the voters Politicians are accountible to the voters for the public fundings In NGOs the board is accountible to the members

54. In international cooperation it is difficult to hold the politicians accountible to the voters. A donorstate is financing. But the decisions are taken by the authority in charge – Sida in Sweden. The voters can hardly make the authority accountible. Who is responsible?

55. The voters do not know the quantity of the resources or what level of funds has been handed over, nor the priorities of the cooperation.

56. Regarding NGOs The donors are financing, not the members of the NGO.

57. Seldom you will find members of the NGO.

58. The executives of the NGOs have created a world well closed and without access and without clear distribution of responsibilities.

59. What to do? The donors have to demand more of accountability and transparency.

60. A Swedish case