1. Joint SCAR/COMNAP Delegates Meeting (SCAR Lecture) A Strategy for Data and Information Management in the 21st Century 9 th July 2010 Kim Finney (Manager, Australian Antarctic Data Centre & Chief Officer, SCAR Standing Committee on Antarctic Data Management)

2. In 1962 John F. Kennedy announced a man would be put on the moon by the end of the decade. Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there (JFK, 1962) But...if we wanted a challenge...we have one in our own backyard. 50 years on and we may now know more about the surface of the moon than we do about our Antarctic and Southern Ocean environments.

3. Have better maps of the moon than Antarctica. –LIMA (15m spatial accuracy) of Antarctica –Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (1.0m spatial accuracy).

4. Only a small fraction of the Southern Ocean seafloor topography has been surveyed by ships. –Satellite altimetry is helping to fill in the broad-scale features >10- 15km in width (Sandwell and Smith)

5. Can land a rover on Mars but: Transport in Antarctica is still difficult subject to severe restrictions and limitations resulting from weather and terrain extremes. Struggle with developing underwater technology for sampling biodiversity. –Most promising AUVs still have power, sea-state, instrument, speed, navigation limitations. Sensors mainly for physical parameter detection. Rover AUV

6. Why are we not further advanced in our understanding of, and access to, the Antarctic environment ? –Lack a grand collective vision ? –How well are we collaborating (scientifically and logistically) ? –Still like to treat Antarctica as a heroic frontier for testing the resilience of man ?

7. What has this to do with data management ? –Its no longer about heroic polar men, blazing trails into the unknown collecting small amounts of data. –Its about launching autonomous mobile and fixed sensors to all points of interest, sharing the vast volumes of data generated, piecing these data together at local, regional, continental and global scales. –Its the era of networked data and visionary collaboration. Heroes in this age will be those that have the skills, vision and technological innovation to build and exploit these data networks.

8. 21 st Century Data Management In the next 10 years most scientists working on Antarctic data will never travel to the ice. –Advantageous perhaps for those countries without physical ice- based research facilities. Contributions instead to data network building ? Marine Sensor Network (courtesy of IMOS)

9. Data managers wont operate as an adjunct to science. The new polar scientist by default will be data management literate and proficient with data networks.

10. Data production in many disciplines is doubling annually (UK e-infrastructure Steering Group, 2006). –Data stores need to be optimised for the disciplines they support and the access paradigms expected by those communities. Copied from Kirk Borne, 2008 Computing power doubles every 18 months (100X in 10 yrs) I/O bandwidth increases @ 10% p/a (3X in 10 yrs) Data doubling every year (1000X in 10 yrs) NSCA example: 1 st 19 yrs generated =1 PB Year 20 (2007) = 2 PB Year 21 (2008) = 4 PB Year 2025 ? 10 156 PB ??? Borne (2008)

11. Scientific communities will become dependent on very large, openly accessible databases. –necessitating stable financial support for repositories.

12. Datasets becoming very complex – multi or hyper- dimensional. –Will require dimensionality reduction via machine discovery of patterns, substructures and correlations in the data (Djorgovski, 2009). –Requires even more emphasis on: skills in data visualisation, algorithm development, data access, data description, stable repositories, distributed computing.

13. How Prepared Are We ? SCAR/COMNAP Report Card: 1.Collaborative logistical infrastructure development and utilisation 2.Pan Antarctic observation network 3.National investment in polar data management repositories 4.Data sharing and access 5.Investment in building professional skills in data analysis and/or data management. snowflake scores are out of 10

14. Investment In Repositories Source: DIMS (2009) 2 or less staff in all but UK and Australian Centres. Approx 33 nations participate in SCAR. Belgium – SCAR MarBIN Data Centre – only on temporary funding.

15. How Prepared Are We ? SCAR/COMNAP Report Card: 1.Collaborative logistical infrastructure development and utilisation 2.Pan Antarctic observation network 3.National investment in polar data management repositories 4.Data sharing and access 5.Investment in building professional skills in data analysis and/or data management. snowflake scores are out of 10

16. What Is Required ? SCAR has already invested in developing a Data and Information Strategy (DIMS) –Individual academic institutions not best placed to manage long-term repositories (or develop sustainable national infrastructure), –National Antarctic Programs (as represented through COMNAP) are better positioned. –Suggest both SCAR and COMNAP have much to gain by pursuing DIMS in unison. –SCAR has the vision BUT COMNAP has the capacity and capability.

17. Antarctic Master Directory (NASA) Human Readable Metadata registering metadata National Data Centres A human user can search a metadata catalogue. But data might not be linked to these descriptive records (only 53% of records have data). DIMS Implementation Plan designed to move us from a metadata centric infrastructure to......................

18. An infrastructure that delivers data/information through specialised, networked, national or institutional data portals. Antarctic Master Directory (with a registry interface) (NASA) Standard machine to machine interfaces data store Data Portal Scientists are able to use a data discovery portal from one country, that can also access data from another countrys data store. data store Harvests from Service Registry Portals Standard Interfaces Protocols

19. What if I dont have anywhere to put my data but Im happy to share it ? data bucket Internet Cloud Tom Jerry I wonder what data is out there for the polar regions ? Submit data Metadata Catalogue & Registry Register in Discover/retrieve Polar data Search Publish to AND provides virtual physical storage for orphan data....AND allows us to search for data using public search engines.

20. Possible approach: –COMNAPs Data Management Expert Group (DMEG) reviews SCAR DIMS and Implementation Plan for its fit with COMNAP business objectives. –National members collaborate to resource project(s) in the Plan focussed on delivering outputs/outcomes for a specific program of science that is supported by both SCAR and COMNAP members (this constrains infrastructure development on meeting immediate user needs). –Projects are run as international managed collaborations – signed off by MOU and subject to project management. –COMNAP and SCAR jointly review the function, structure and role of SCADM, SCAGI and DMEG with a view to streamlining approaches to Antarctic data infrastructure development.

21. Conclusion The data deluge is already here ! Our ability to manage and harness this deluge will be a key determinant of the quantity of high quality science we can produce in the C 21st. Effectively sharing logistical/research management information underpins how we can collectively get more value out of existing and future investments made in deploying to Antarctica. Data Infrastructures – have to be planned, designed, funded and managed. They are expensive – but the pain can be shared ! Lets make sure we know more about Antarctica than the moon before we are due to land there again (2020 ?).