1. Hungry Cities of the Global South 9 February 2015, University of Cape Town, South Africa Inês Raimundo Ramos Muanamoha

2. 2 “Let´s make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”, UN General Secretary, 2014

3. The city of Maputo

4. Maputo during rain season

5. The city characteristics The city is formed by 1,094,628 (2007) A population density of 3,531 Hab/Km2, and the country density is 27.5Hab/Km2 The city is getting poorer since according to the head count of 1996-97 the poverty incidence was 47.8% and in the year of 2002- 2003 reached 53.6% and UN- Habitat (2007) indicates that it has reached 70% 5 The situation of the suburbs Poor drainage system

6. 6 Macaringue, 2012

7. Urban population growth by cities from 1980, 1997 to 2007 ProvinceCity198019972007 NiassaLichinga39,00485,758142,331 Cabo DelgadoPemba41,16684,897138,716 Nampula 145,722303,346471,717 ZambeziaQuelimane60,151150,118193,343 Tete 45,119101,984155,870 SofalaBeira214,613397,360431,583 ManicaChimoio68,125171,056237,497 Inhambane 32,65452,37065,149 GazaXai-Xai43,79499,442115,752 MaputoMatola-424,662671,556 City of MaputoMaputo556,298996,8371,094,628

8. The Poverty Headcount results from the three set of IAF (National Survey of Households) Poverty Headcount Area 1996-97 (In %) 2002-03 (In %) 2008-09 (In %) Poverty gap from 1996-97 to 2002-03 (In %) Poverty gap from 2002-03 to 2008-09 (In %) National69.454.154.715.30.6 Urban62.051.549.6-10.5-1.9 Rural71.355.356.9-16.01.6 North66.355.346.5-11.0-8.8 Centre73.845.559.7-28.314.2 South65.866.556.90.7-9.6 Niassa70.652.131.9-18.5-20.2 Cabo Delgado57.463.237.45.8-25.8 Nampula68.952.654.7-16.32.1 Zambezia68.144.670.5-23.525.9 Tete82.359.842.0-22.5-17.8 Manica62.643.655.1-19.011.5 Sofala87.936.158.0-51.821.9 Inhambane82.680.757.9-1.9-22.8 Gaza64.660.162.5-4.52.4 Maputo province65.669.367.53.7-1.8 City of Maputo47.853.636.25.8-17.4

9. The AFSUN survey Measurment of poverty based on: Household income – Mediam hh income is 3,000MZN – Household size 7 Food expenditure Lived Poverty Index Employment status of surveyed HH members N0.% Working full-time63343.4 Working part- time/causal 24917.0 Working – status unknown 191.3 Not working-looking for work 16711.4 Not working-not looking for work 39426.9 Total1,462100.0

10. Household income sources No of HH% of HH Employment23666.2 Informal business10125.4 Casual work5614.1 Rental income279.6 Social grants/pensions276.8 Sale of rural farm products225.5 Sale of urban farm products 215.3 Cash remittances215.3 Formal business153.6 Income from gifts30.8 Income from aid20.5

11. Household Food Sources % using source weekly % used source in previous week Supermarket83 informal market/street food9294 Small food outlet2240 Non-market sources Grow it1215 Share meals with other hh711 Borrow food88 Food provided by other hh36 Food remittances06 Food transfers from rural areas 0- Charitable sources Community food kitchen0<1 Food aid01

12. Maputo Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence Indicator (HIFAP) scores compared to other cities Food secure % Mildly food insecure % Moderately Food insecure % Severely food insecure % Harare232472 Lusaka432469 Maseru562565 Maputo593254 Manzini631379 Msunduzi, SA762760 Gaborone1261963 Cape Town1551268 Windhoek1851463 Blantyre34153021 JHB44141527 Region1672057

13. Response to Food Insecurity In the last month, did you% Sometimes/often Worry that your hh would not have enough food?55.8 Not eat the kinds of foods you preferred because of a lack of resources? 62.2 Eat a limited variety of foods due to a lack of resources?58.5 Eat foods you did not want to because of a lack of resources to obtain other types of food? 51.6 Eat smaller meals than you needed because there was not enough food? 46.7 Eat fewer meals in a day because there was not enough food?45.0 Eat no food of any kind because of a lack of resources to obtain food? 20.9 Go to sleep hungry because there was not enough food?16.5 Go a whole day and night without eating anything?9.6

14. Food consumption change Highly processed food brought by Mukheristas (Cross border traders) - New diseases in poor areas (high blood pressure/stroke) Highly dependent on supermarkets and few hh consuming farm growth food Price determine consumption – – Bread – Meat Growth of fast food restaurants

15. Conclusion Ongoing urbanization and population growth are major challenges for Maputo. The majority of households live below the poverty line The primary source of livelihoods for the urban poor informal market/street food Non market sources they grow it or borrow from friends/relatives