1. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Monomers and Polymers
Linear and Branched Polymers
Types of Polymerization
Addition Polymerization
Condensation Polymers
Extensively Cross-Linked Polymers (SKIP)
Three-Dimensional Structure Polymers (SKIP p top) 1 1

2. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Polymer Nomenclature - Monomers and Polymers
Definitions of polymer, monomer, plastic, thermoplastic and thermoset plastic in “handout”
repeat units, average degree of polymerization
Polymer Architecture - Linear and Branched Polymers
See handout for depiction of linear, branched, star, comb, ladder and cross-linked networks
Polymer Morphology
ordered = crystalline regions
random = amorphous regions
Polymer properties and transitions
Modulus (degree of hardness/softness)
Glass Transition Temperature (transition from glassy to rubbery)
Melt Temperature(transition to viscous flow) 3 2

3. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Types of Polymerization
Addition (also called chain-growth)
Radical (three steps – initiation, propagation, termination)
Cationic
Anionic (called “ living” polymer, can make block co-polymers)
Condensation (also called step-growth) loss of water
Polyester
Polyamide
Polycarbonate
Polyurethane
Epoxy resins
Polysaccharides (starch)
Polypeptides and proteins 3 4

4. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Addition Polymerization
Radical Polymerization
3 steps (initiation, propagation, and termination) see handout
Ionic Polymerization
cationic
anionic (living polymers, useful to make “block” co-polymers)
Cross-Linking in Polymers (can use bi-functional, tri functional, quadri-functional monomers)
Heteroatom-Containing Addition Polymers
Polyols
can not make polyvinyl alcohol from vinyl alcohol, instead polymerize vinyl acetate and then hydrolyze to polyvinylalcohol
Polyethers (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol)
Polyacetals (e.g., paraformaldehyde from formaldehyde) 3 5

5. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Condensation Polymers
Polyesters (from a dicarboxylic acid and diol)
Polysaccharides (from carbohydrate (or sugar) condensation)
Polyamides (from dicarboxylic acid and diamine)
Polypeptides (from20 common amino acids)
Polyurethanes (form bis-isocyanate and diol) 3 6

6. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Three-Dimensional Structure of Polymers
Polypropylene (SKIP pages top)
Naturally Occurring Polypeptides
Primary structure - amino acid sequence
Secondary structure
-pleated - deviation from planarity due to steric interactions
-helix - hydrogen bonding from peptide units in the same chain
Tertiary structure - spatially dispersed -pleated and -helix
Quaternary structure - several polypeptides form a complex
Cellulose and Starch
Starch from -glucose (axial C1-OH group)
Cellulose from -glucose (equatorial C1-OH group) 3 8

7. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Review of Reactions
Be able to draw the basic polymerization mechanism for
radical, anionic, cationic
general condensation polymerization for a polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polypeptide
Review Problems
Especially review problem 16.1
Know nomenclature of synthetic and natural polymers
Know how to identify repeat units 3 9

8. Chapter 16 Polymeric Materials
Summary
Definitions for polymer, monomer, plastic, thermoplastic, thermoset, melt temperature, glass transition temp.
Nomenclature for simple addition and condensation polymers
Linkages between monomers include
C-C bonds in vinyl polymers
C-O bonds in polyesters, polyacetals, polyethers, polysaccharides
C-N bonds in polyamides, polypeptides
Role of Hydrogen bonding in nitrogen and oxygen containing polymers
intermolecular H-bonding in  pleated peptides
intramolecular H-bonding in  helix peptide structures
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures 3 10