1. © Crown copyright Met Office Future Upper-Air Network Development (FUND)-Integration TECO 2008 St Petersburg Russia Catherine Gaffard, John Nash, Alec Bennett Upper Air Team, Observations Research and Development

2. © Crown copyright Met Office Contents This presentation covers the following areas Why do we need a new network How can we meet the user requirement How will we use the information And concentrates on the Integration package of The FUND Project [ instrumentation see posters and for link to EG-CLIMNET and testbeds see later talk]

3. © Crown copyright Met Office Next Generation Upper-Air Network Why Meet User Requirements. (i.e. Higher spatial and temporal resolution ) for high resolution model (1km grid) for winds, temperature, humidity, cloud profile Resolve structures of mesoscale storms on a scale of less than 100 km Large-scale’ project to produce costed options for the future (2010 – 2020)

4. © Crown copyright Met Office Dimensions of a dangerous Mesoscale storm over England identified with GPS water vapour measurements combined with wind profiler winds and Lightning location data Red arrows show wind directions from research wind profiler Red triangles main areas of heavy surface precipitation Purple squares lightning strikes 5ºW1ºW Integrated water vapour In Kg.m -2 at 14.00 on 22 July 2006

5. © Crown copyright Met Office 17.00 14.00 Integrated water vapour In Kg.m -2 at 17.00 on 22 July 2006 11.00 Movement of the Mesoscale storm over England For 6 hours identified with GPS water vapour measurements combined with wind profiler winds and weather radar. Red triangles main areas of heavy surface precipitation Blue circle indicates area where severe wind gusts caused emergency 5ºW1ºW

6. © Crown copyright Met Office Future Upper Air requirements? An interpretation of user review, but needs further examination during the FUND project.

7. © Crown copyright Met Office FUND Dense network needed Or exploit high time-res 4DVAR Optimize current network with surface measurements, weather radar and AMDAR Solution is probably a mixture of radiosonde and ground- based remote sensing Ground-based remote sensing likely to have most impact where Information concentrated in BL/lower tropopshere Rapid sampling captures BL variability © Crown copyright Met Office

8. Need of integration only a combination of observing systems such as Radiosonde, AMDAR, weather radar, Integrated ground base remote sensing [ wind profiler,cloud radar,microwave radiometer,laser ceilometer?] and satellite observations can be expected to get close to the user needs.

9. © Crown copyright Met Office Potential usefulness of wind profiler for integration will be shown in the following slides, showing height of significant levels or lid (most of the time) Identification of convective boundary layer (when well defined) height of cloud top (sometime) vertical speed (most of the time ) height of bright band associated with melting layer (all the time) refractive index gradient ( possibly)

10. © Crown copyright Met Office Comparison of radiosonde and profiler height

11. © Crown copyright Met Office 25.08.05 MCS system in relatively cold air.shows boundary layer collapses with cold pool generated behind both showers

12. © Crown copyright Met Office

13. wind profiler,Cloud radar, Lidar showing cloud top Combined output from Camborne sensors – 27/28 February 2008 (uncalibrated) WIND PROFILER (signal-to-noise) WIND PROFILER (vertical velocity) CLOUD RADAR LIDAR

14. © Crown copyright Met Office Potential for integrated profiling

15. © Crown copyright Met Office Sea breeze front, change in the aerosol seen by the ceilometer CT75K on 13/07/05 (Chilbolton) Northerly Southerly 10m wind

16. © Crown copyright Met Office Gradient of the potential refractive index computed from the hourly radiosonde profile (dn/dz)^2 Wind profiler SNR, +cloud base from ceilometer ( white circle)

17. © Crown copyright Met Office Cooler /drier air behind band of lightning

18. © Crown copyright Met Office

19. Development tasks for Integrated profiling package classification target type ( follow CLOUDNET but add clear air) atmospheric structure [stability?] quality control Deal with non-CLOUDNET measurements [e.g.microwave radiances] and associated forward operators comparison with model equivalent

20. © Crown copyright Met Office Data to be used in integrated profiling development will come from at least 6 sites in the UK including the SE testbed network, see next slide.] with different mixtures of remote sensing data Aberystwyth Camborne Cardington Chilbolton Hesrtmonceux Wattisham

21. © Crown copyright Met Office Chilbolton Wattisham Herstmonceux Cardington Dunkeswell Cobbacombe Cross Dean Hill Clee Hill Chenies

22. © Crown copyright Met Office Questions and answers