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Published byDennis Hamilton Modified over 9 years ago
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Chapter 18
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Mass # Symbol Element Name or symbol – Mass # Parts of a Reaction Reactants Products
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Alpha emission or decay ( ) –helium atom 4 2 He 238 92 U 4 2 He + 234 90 Th Beta emission or decay ( )– 0 -1 e in the products 234 90 Th 234 91 Pa + 0 -1 e Gamma emission or decay ( ) - 0 0 238 92 U 4 2 He + 234 90 Th + 0 0
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Positron emission or decay - 0 +1 e 22 11 Na 0 +1 e + 22 10 Ne Electron capture – beta particle in the reactants 201 80 Hg + 0 -1 e + 201 79 Au Neutron emission or decay– 1 0 n 209 84 Po 1 0 n + 200 84 Po Proton – 1 1 H or 1 1 p
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Mass # and the atomic # totals must be the same for reactants and the products. 39 19 K 35 17 Cl + ___ 206 82 Pb 0 -1 e + ___ 238 94 Pu + ___ 4 2 He + 235 92 U
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Alpha decay of Cu-68 Gamma emission of Thorium-235 Positron emission of P-18 Astatine-210 releasing 3 neutrons Electron capture of Ti-45
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Radioactive isotopes or nuclides all decay because they are unstable, some just breakdown much faster than others Half-life – amount of time for half of the original sample to decay For two samples of the same isotope, regardless of the sample size, after one half- life, only half of the original amount of sample remains.
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IsotopesHalf-Live Carbon – 145730 years Sodium – 2415 hours Bismuth – 21260.5 seconds Polonium – 215 0.0018 seconds Thorium – 23075400 years Thorium – 23424.1 days Uranium – 2357.0 x 10 8 years Uranium – 2384.46 x 10 9 years
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Barium – 139 has a half-life of 86 minutes. If you originally have a 10 gram sample of Barium-139, how much will be left after 258 minutes?
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How many days will it take 50 grams of Radon – 222 (half-life of 3.82 days) to decay to 3.125 grams?
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If a sample of Cesium-135 decays from 10 grams to 2.5 grams over a period of 84 days, what is the half-life of Cesium-135?
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Fusion – combining two smaller nuclei into one heavier, more stable nucleus. 3 2 He + 1 1 H 4 2 He + 0 1 e Fission – splitting a large unstable nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers. 209 84 Po 125 52 Te + 84 32 Ge
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