1. Plate Tectonics and The Rock Cycle

3. Three types of plate boundaries
Divergent plate boundaries
Plates move apart from one another
Convergent plate boundaries
Internal forces push two plates together
Transform faults
Plates slide and grind past one another along a fault line

5. Divergent plate boundaries
Mid-Atlantic Ridge

6. Convergent plate boundaries

7. When a tectonic plate sinks, it sinks down into the mantle and becomes very hot. So hot, in fact, that the rock melts. This molten rock will gradually make its way up to the surface of the earth through a series of cracks. When it reaches the surface of the earth, we refer to it as lava. As layer upon layer of lava builds up, a volcano is formed.

8. Transform fault

10. Convergent and Transform

11. San Andreas Fault

13. How much stronger is an earthquake with a magnitude of 9
How much stronger is an earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 versus an earthquake with a magnitude of 4.0?
9.0 – 4.0 = 5.0
105 = times stronger

17. How tsunamis occur

20. Three types of rock Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Granite, lava rock
Sandstone, shale, dolomite, limestone, lignite, bituminous coal
Metamorphic
Anthracite, shale, marble

21. Igneous rock
Forms below earth’s surface, when molten rock comes up from the upper mantle, cools, and hardens

22. Sedimentary rock
Forms from sediments deposited in layers which accumulate over time – the weight and pressure “cements” these layers together

23. Cementation – minerals are precipitated in the pores of sediments, forming cements that bind sediments and rock
Lithification – the process that converts sediments into solid rock by compaction and cementation

26. Metamorphic rock
Forms when preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents

27. Rock cycle Interaction of physical and chemical processes
Recycles the earth three types of rocks
Slowest of earth’s cyclic processes
Concentrates the planet’s nonrenewable minerals
Without it we would not exist

29. Closure Why is it important to understand the three major processes (tectonic cycle, rock cycle, and soil formation) of the geologic cycle?

30. Japan Tsunami 2011