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Plate Tectonics and The Rock Cycle
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Three types of plate boundaries
Divergent plate boundaries Plates move apart from one another Convergent plate boundaries Internal forces push two plates together Transform faults Plates slide and grind past one another along a fault line
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Divergent plate boundaries
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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Convergent plate boundaries
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When a tectonic plate sinks, it sinks down into the mantle and becomes very hot. So hot, in fact, that the rock melts. This molten rock will gradually make its way up to the surface of the earth through a series of cracks. When it reaches the surface of the earth, we refer to it as lava. As layer upon layer of lava builds up, a volcano is formed.
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Transform fault
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Convergent and Transform
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San Andreas Fault
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How much stronger is an earthquake with a magnitude of 9
How much stronger is an earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 versus an earthquake with a magnitude of 4.0? 9.0 – 4.0 = 5.0 105 = times stronger
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How tsunamis occur
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Three types of rock Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Granite, lava rock
Sandstone, shale, dolomite, limestone, lignite, bituminous coal Metamorphic Anthracite, shale, marble
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Igneous rock Forms below earth’s surface, when molten rock comes up from the upper mantle, cools, and hardens
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Sedimentary rock Forms from sediments deposited in layers which accumulate over time – the weight and pressure “cements” these layers together
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Cementation – minerals are precipitated in the pores of sediments, forming cements that bind sediments and rock Lithification – the process that converts sediments into solid rock by compaction and cementation
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Metamorphic rock Forms when preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents
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Rock cycle Interaction of physical and chemical processes
Recycles the earth three types of rocks Slowest of earth’s cyclic processes Concentrates the planet’s nonrenewable minerals Without it we would not exist
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Closure Why is it important to understand the three major processes (tectonic cycle, rock cycle, and soil formation) of the geologic cycle?
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Japan Tsunami 2011
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