1. Solar Photovoltaics and The Feed In Tariff

2. Company based in Brantford. Dan Cole - Owner and Manager. Mike Triska – Engineering and Energy Audits. Installation crew of 4 headed up by our master electrician with 6 yrs experience in PV and small wind.

3. A brief overview of solar energy is required in order to make sure the over all concept of todays presentation is understood

4. Solar Energy Solar energy is a renewable resource that is free, readily available, environmentally friendly and necessary for all life on earth. Solar energy can be used in many ways - to provide heat, lighting, mechanical power and electricity, which is what we are focusing on here today.

5. Photovoltaics (PV) dc electricity is generated from sunlight by using photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. dc electricity is generated from sunlight by using photovoltaic (PV) solar cells.

6. These cells are semiconductor devices, usually made of silicon, which contain no liquids, corrosive chemicals or moving parts. The PV panels require little maintenance, do not pollute, and operate silently, making photovoltaic energy a very clean and safe method of power generation. These cells are semiconductor devices, usually made of silicon, which contain no liquids, corrosive chemicals or moving parts. The PV panels require little maintenance, do not pollute, and operate silently, making photovoltaic energy a very clean and safe method of power generation.

7. TYPES OF SOLAR CELLS

8. MONOCRYSTALINE CELLS: High quality starting material (same a computer chips) High quality starting material (same a computer chips) Highest cell efficiency (14% to 17%) Highest cell efficiency (14% to 17%) Most expensive Most expensive Original type of PV cell Original type of PV cell Depends on direct sunlight (not so good on cloudy days) Depends on direct sunlight (not so good on cloudy days) Most sensitive to heat Most sensitive to heat

9. POLYCRYSTALINE CELLS: Most common type Most common type cell efficiency 13% to 15% cell efficiency 13% to 15% Less expensive to manufacture than mono Less expensive to manufacture than mono Less temperature sensitive Less temperature sensitive

10. THIN FILM CELLS: Thin layers vacuum evaporated onto glass Thin layers vacuum evaporated onto glass Cell efficiency currently 5% to 8% Cell efficiency currently 5% to 8% New technology New technology Silicon and other materials (e.g. first solar CIGS) Silicon and other materials (e.g. first solar CIGS) Less sensitive to temperature Less sensitive to temperature Works better in indirect light than crystalline cells Works better in indirect light than crystalline cells Potentially much cheaper Potentially much cheaper

11. Using an Inverter, the DC electricity from the Solar PV is converted to AC, then its fed through a meter, in the case of FIT, to measure the amount produced, and then it is all sold to the grid. Using an Inverter, the DC electricity from the Solar PV is converted to AC, then its fed through a meter, in the case of FIT, to measure the amount produced, and then it is all sold to the grid.

12. TYPICAL GRID CONNECTION (FROM ESA-SPEC-004)

13. TYPICAL GRID-TIE INVERTER SPECIFICATIONS (From SMA)

14. ANTI-ISLANDING PROTECTION (UL 1741, IEEE 1547, CSA C22.2 No. 107.1 STANDARDS) Grid-tied inverters that meet the above standards will shut off if they do not detect the presence of the utility grid to prevent and Island Grid-tied inverters that meet the above standards will shut off if they do not detect the presence of the utility grid to prevent and Island An inverter designed for grid-tie operation will have anti-islanding protection built in; it will inject small pulses that are slightly out of phase with the AC electrical system in order to cancel any stray resonances that may be present when the grid shuts down. An inverter designed for grid-tie operation will have anti-islanding protection built in; it will inject small pulses that are slightly out of phase with the AC electrical system in order to cancel any stray resonances that may be present when the grid shuts down. Required by ESA-SPEC-004 Required by ESA-SPEC-004

16. This brings us to the question… This brings us to the question…

17. What is a Feed in Tariff? Basic terms – you generate renewable electricity, the Ontario Power Authority buys it from you through your Local Distribution Company. Basic terms – you generate renewable electricity, the Ontario Power Authority buys it from you through your Local Distribution Company.

18. Ontario's feed-in tariff is North America's first comprehensive guaranteed pricing structure for renewable electricity production. It offers stable prices under a long-term 20 yr contract. Ontario's feed-in tariff is North America's first comprehensive guaranteed pricing structure for renewable electricity production. It offers stable prices under a long-term 20 yr contract.

19. The FIT Program was enabled by the Green Energy and Green Economy Act, 2009 which was passed into law on May 14, 2009. The Ontario Power Authority is responsible for implementing the program. The FIT Program was enabled by the Green Energy and Green Economy Act, 2009 which was passed into law on May 14, 2009. The Ontario Power Authority is responsible for implementing the program. FIT came online the end of September 2009. FIT came online the end of September 2009. There have been over 21,000 applications submitted and 14,000 approvals and 1,800 contracts offered. 99% of these are for Solar PV. There have been over 21,000 applications submitted and 14,000 approvals and 1,800 contracts offered. 99% of these are for Solar PV.

20. Goals of FIT help Ontario phase out coal-fired electricity help Ontario phase out coal-fired electricity help replace generating capacity from soon to be retired nuclear plants help replace generating capacity from soon to be retired nuclear plants boost economic activity and the development of renewable energy technologies boost economic activity and the development of renewable energy technologies create green industries and jobs. create green industries and jobs.

21. The program is divided into two streams - FIT and microFIT. The FIT Program is for renewable energy projects over 10kW, any projects under 10kW are classed as Micro FIT. The program is divided into two streams - FIT and microFIT. The FIT Program is for renewable energy projects over 10kW, any projects under 10kW are classed as Micro FIT.

22. The made-in-Ontario FIT Program combines lessons learned from FIT programs in Germany, Spain, Denmark. The made-in-Ontario FIT Program combines lessons learned from FIT programs in Germany, Spain, Denmark. Canada is far behind many other countries in the deployment of renewable energy Canada is far behind many other countries in the deployment of renewable energy

23. FIT and MICRO-FIT PRICE SCHEDULE – SOLAR PV (From: http://fit.powerauthority.on.ca/Page.asp?PageID=924&ContentID=10543) (AS OF 13 AUG 2010) http://fit.powerauthority.on.ca/Page.asp?PageID=924&ContentID=10543

24. What is required to participate? Proper location is critical. Proper location is critical. Rule # 1- stick it where the sun shines! Rule # 1- stick it where the sun shines! For every kW of PV we need 100 sq feet (10 X10) of south facing sloped roof or 200 sq ft (10 X 20) of flat roof For every kW of PV we need 100 sq feet (10 X10) of south facing sloped roof or 200 sq ft (10 X 20) of flat roof

25. unobstructed by trees or any other obstacles that cast a shadow unobstructed by trees or any other obstacles that cast a shadow Ground mounted on racks at a 30 to 50 degree angle, unobstructed by trees or other obstacles that cast a shadow. Ground mounted on racks at a 30 to 50 degree angle, unobstructed by trees or other obstacles that cast a shadow.

26. Access to the grid is required to sell your green electricity. Access to the grid is required to sell your green electricity. Thats rule # 2- plug it in and get paid for it! Thats rule # 2- plug it in and get paid for it!

27. So, lets assume someone is interested in getting paid to help save the planet with a south facing roof of 1000sq ft. So, lets assume someone is interested in getting paid to help save the planet with a south facing roof of 1000sq ft.

28. What is the cost? Micro-FIT Price range for 10kw system is between $7.50-$10.00 per watt installed, and connected to the grid. Price range for 10kw system is between $7.50-$10.00 per watt installed, and connected to the grid. Includes site assessment, design, applications, permits, inspections, installation and connection – turnkey solution. Includes site assessment, design, applications, permits, inspections, installation and connection – turnkey solution. Assessment includes a RETScreen Analysis. Assessment includes a RETScreen Analysis.

29. RETScreen Renewable-energy and Energy-efficient Technologies (RETs) Renewable-energy and Energy-efficient Technologies (RETs)

30. Overview The RETScreen Clean Energy Project Analysis Software is the worlds leading clean energy decision-making software. It is provided by the Government of Canada as part of Canadas recognition of the need to take an integrated approach in addressing climate change and reducing pollution. RETScreen is a proven enabler of clean energy projects worldwide.

31. RETScreen allows decision-makers and professionals to determine whether or not a proposed renewable energy project makes financial sense. If a project is viableor if it is notRETScreen will help the decision-maker understand this: quickly, unequivocally, in a user-friendly format, and at relatively minimal cost.

32. RETScreen Partners National Aeronautics & Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research Center National Aeronautics & Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research CenterNASA Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP)REEEP United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) Energy Unit of the Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE) United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) Energy Unit of the Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE)DTIE

33. RETScreen Partners

35. EXAMPLE RETScreen ANALYSIS

36. We know the basics… what PV is and how it works, what PV is and how it works, what a feed in tariff is and how it works, what a feed in tariff is and how it works, the legislation behind the program, the legislation behind the program, what kind of site we need, rules 1 and 2, what kind of site we need, rules 1 and 2, how much a system will cost, how much a system will cost, how much electricity we will produce… how much electricity we will produce…

37. What about the $GREEN ?

38. Price Schedules Micro FIT- <10kw = 80.2 cents per kWh Micro FIT- <10kw = 80.2 cents per kWh Roof Mount (ground mount – 64.2 cents per kWh) Roof Mount (ground mount – 64.2 cents per kWh) Average price to purchase electricity in Ontario is 12-13 cents per kWh Average price to purchase electricity in Ontario is 12-13 cents per kWh This is where the term sell high, buy low fits in. This is where the term sell high, buy low fits in.

39. Example 9.72kW system (Micro- FIT) Initial cost is around $75,000.00-85,000.00 Initial cost is around $75,000.00-85,000.00 100% financed at 5%-6% mortgaged over 11 years 100% financed at 5%-6% mortgaged over 11 years System generates approximately 11.5-12 MWh of green electricity per year System generates approximately 11.5-12 MWh of green electricity per year $9,000.00-$10,000.00 per year in revenue dependant on the site. $9,000.00-$10,000.00 per year in revenue dependant on the site. Payback is about 8-10 years, dependant on financing, exact initial cost, etc. Payback is about 8-10 years, dependant on financing, exact initial cost, etc. Remaining 10-12 years of 20 year contract is profit. Remaining 10-12 years of 20 year contract is profit. ROI between 10-13% ROI between 10-13% Emission reduction of NEGATIVE 11 tonnes of CO2 per year Emission reduction of NEGATIVE 11 tonnes of CO2 per year

40. MicroFIT Project Timeline

41. Each 10 kW system equals negative 11 tCO2 -11 tonnes of CO2 is equivalent to : -11 tonnes of CO2 is equivalent to : 9 acres of carbon absorbing forest. 9 acres of carbon absorbing forest. 2.2 cars or light trucks taken off the road 2.2 cars or light trucks taken off the road 4,310 litres of gasoline not consumed 4,310 litres of gasoline not consumed 22 barrels of crude oil not consumed 22 barrels of crude oil not consumed 10.6 people reducing their energy consumption by 20%. 10.6 people reducing their energy consumption by 20%.

42. Just Think…. What if we had 10 of these systems… What if we had 10 of these systems… -110 tcO2 -110 tcO2 115-120 MW of GREEN electricity equals 115-120 MW of GREEN electricity equals 90 acres of forest 90 acres of forest 22 cars or light trucks off the road 22 cars or light trucks off the road 43,100 litres of gasoline not consumed 43,100 litres of gasoline not consumed 220 barrels of crude oil not consumed 220 barrels of crude oil not consumed 106 people reducing their energy consumption by 20%. 106 people reducing their energy consumption by 20%.

43. Summary By promoting the use of renewable energy to produce clean electricity, we are able to generate income, reduce harmful emissions and create jobs. By coming together as a community we will enable individual non-profit organizations to achieve these goals more easily and sooner. By promoting the use of renewable energy to produce clean electricity, we are able to generate income, reduce harmful emissions and create jobs. By coming together as a community we will enable individual non-profit organizations to achieve these goals more easily and sooner.

44. Solar PV for Residential and Commercial Off Grid, Grid Tied and Emergency Backup Let us show you how to put $GREEN back into YOUR budget! www.directcurrent.ca

45. Questions?