1. Double-ness is Western-ness: --i.e. the mark of our Civilisation  Athenean philosophy: Plato & Artistotle circa 500 C. BC. — The World of Appearance is supported by a (non- appearing) World of Reality: “the Forms”  Permanence—vs—Change  Roman Empire: philosophy of Stoicism emotion-vs-reason: balance & control  The Will must agree with Nature  Christianity: City of God and City of Man  St. Augustine: Civitas Dei Interpenetration, co-existence, difference

2. Non-Western: unitary  Japanese: single-ness; One-ness; difference is dissolved:  e.g. suffering is maya=illusion  Islamic Civilisation: Allah is One, therefore all is one. politics, economics, family, education, clothing  Doubleness suggests ‘other-than-Allah’, therefore blasphemous. Idolatry is capital crime; Ikon is capital crime (Islam is iconoclastic); even representation is a capital crime.

3. Double-ness in the West  External (General) Evil & Good Chaos & Order Governed & Governors Bourgeoisie & Proletariat (Marx) Savagery & Civilisation /Death and Survival (Darwin)  Internal: Body and Soul Private and Public Vice and Virtue Desire and Self-Control Conscious and Subconscious

4. Doubles  Literature (Art) as a mirror Reflects back what the reader—or the reader’s times—shows to the mirror. Reveals what the subject presents to its objects, but can’t see for him or her self.

5. Steampunk: (from ‘cyberpunk’)

6. Golem: ( גולם )  Hebrew legend  Creature built from matter & animated  In Medieval folklore, a protector of Jews during porgoms  Religious & Alchemic  Obvious precurser to: Frankenstein Cloning Eugenics

7. Doppelgänger: ‘double-goer’  A ghostly double of oneself  Prefiguration of impending evil, misfortune or death  Mary Shelley’s husband famously saw his before death  Transmigration of soul  http://totallylookslike.com

8. A reason for Victorian “doubles”  “Amputation” (Marshall McLuhan, 1911-1980)  Technology: the extentions of man  Technology is the amputation, by science, of human attributes into external devices and creations  We then confront our second-selves Stages of Amputation 1. Literacy speech & memory 2. Industrialisation Hands, arms, legs  Computerisation Nervous system  Science is ‘amputator’ Dr. Frankenstein Dr. Jekyll Confronts us with ‘evil’ doubles / creations

9. Douglas Coupland: Duality  An icon of surrender and prayer: seen on the wall of a non- denominational chapel in an American airport  A sign of Faith

10. Douglas Coupland: Duality Faith = Doubt

11. Phillip K. Dick: 1928-1982  Either genius or madman (probably both.) Blade Runner Minority Report Total Recall A Scanner Darkly  Stories of alienated, paranoid, identity- deprived man in technological society

12. Marshall McLuhan  Each technology is an extension of man.  Each technology is an amplification of man. e.g. wheels are extensions of legs e.g. Industrial Machinery are amplifications of bodies  Each extension is also an amputation of the extended human aspect.  When we look at our amputated Self we are: Enraptured (Messiah): MetropolisMetropolis Frightened  The result is alienation

13. Marshall McLuhan, Cont’ 1. Amputated bodies— machines—are designed as servants to man. 2. Men fix and tend and feed machines: the continued smooth running of the machinery becomes imperative. 3. So, which is servant and which is master?

14. Narcissus: Double-Self: numbness At the start of our civilisation.  The Greek god Narcissus sees his double—his reflection—in a pond and ‘falls in love’ (becomes numbed and immobile)... and drowns in the pond.  ‘Narcissus’= “narcotic”  The same behavior as a gaming addict....  We are numb at the sight of our amputated Self.