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Tuesday, February 25 Collect Ch. 3 Pre/Post Reading
Discuss Nervous System Activity Nervous System Guided Practice (download “show me” app if you do not have it Learning Targets: Classify the major divisions of the nervous system Differentiate the functions of the various subdivisions of the nervous system.
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Friday, October 4 Group Work: Brain Storm what you already know about Biological Psychology Begin Discussing the Nervous System Ch 3 Pre/Post Reading Due Monday, 10/6 Learning Target: Classify the major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
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Monday, March 17 Hand back tests
Complete viewing Genie and filling out the CER Ch. 4 Vocabulary Grid (this is an OPTIONAL assignment due Thursday, March 20) Discuss Ch. 4 Inquiry Project Learning Target: Assess the effects of heredity and environment on behavior
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Friday, March 14 Collect Completed Note Taking Guides Ch. 3 Test
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Thursday, March 13 Return Ch. 3 Who am I? Assignment
Ch. 3 Review Stations Ch. 3 Test Tomorrow (3/14) Learning Targets: Identify the structure and function of the major regions of the brain. Differentiate the functions of the various subdivisions of the nervous system. Identify the neuron as the basis for neural communication.
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Wednesday, March 12 Collect “Who am I?” This was a MANDATORY assignment Watch “Genie” and construct a claim Ch. 3 Test: Friday, March 14 Learning Target: Assess the effects of heredity and environment on behavior
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Tuesday, March 11 Quick Review (Kahoot it!) Discuss Nature vs. Nurture
Share some projects (if time permits) Mandatory Homework: Who am I? (due Wednesday, 3/12) Ch. 3 Friday, 3/14 Learning Target: Assess the effects of heredity and environment on behavior
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Friday, March 7 Methods of Studying the Brain View Phineas Gage Clip
Brain Power point due by midnight Tuesday 3/11 Who am I? Assignment due 3/12 Ch. 3 Test: Thursday or Friday Learning Target: Explain how research and technology have provided methods to analyze brain behavior and disease
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Thursday, March 6 Go to the library to work on Brain Project (This is a MANDATORY assignment). It is due on Tuesday, March 11 Learning Target: Identify the structure and function of the major regions of the brain
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Wednesday, March 5 Go to the library to work on Brain Project (This is a MANDATORY assignment). It is due on Tuesday, March 11 Learning Target: Identify the structure and function of the major regions of the brain
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Tuesday, March 4 Lobes of the brain quiz
Discuss the hemispheres of the brain Right vs. Left Hemisphere Guided Practice Ch. 3 Graphic Organizer/Review (This is an OPTIONAL assignment due 3/5) Learning Target: Describe Lateralization of brain functions
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Monday, March 3 Discuss the Four Lobes of the Brain Do “Art Project”
Homework: Graphic Organizer/Fill-in-the-blank (This is an OPTIONAL assignment due 3/5) Learning Target: Recognize that specific functions are centered in specific lobes of the cerebral cortex. Describe lateralization of brain functions
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Friday, February 28 Neural Communication Quiz on Nervous System and Parts of a Neuron Begin discussing parts of the brain Learning Targets: Identify the structure and function of the major regions of the brain
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Thursday, February 27 .Discuss Parts of a Neuron
Make Neuron Structure Analogies Neuron “Dance” Nervous System/Parts of a Neuron quiz (tomorrow) Learning Target: Identify the neuron as the basis for neural communication
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Wednesday, February 26 Hand back Ch. 3 Pre/Post Reading Activity (This was OPTIONAL) Complete 4 Square with Neuron Structures Define Neuron Structures Learning Target: Identify the neuron as the basis for neural communication
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Nervous System Activity
First find someone with the same division or subdivision of the nervous system as you have Then write either a definition or an example of your term on the back of one paper. (If you prefer you can draw a picture representing it) Then find 6 groups who have the remaining divisions and subdivisions and arrange them in a hierarcy on a desk. Place the term on top and the explanation/picture below the term
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Wednesday, October 17 Brain Webquest
Learning Target: Describe the history of brain research Model of Neuron: Due Friday, 10/19 MANDATORY
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Monday, October 3 Read and take Cornell notes on the Nervous System
Discuss the Nervous System Pre/Post Reading Activity (This is a MANDATORY assignment. It is due Friday, October 4) Learning Targets: Classify the major divisions of the nervous system Differentiate the functions of the various subdivisions of the nervous system.
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NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR
CHAPTER 3 NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR
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Biological Psychology
(a.k.a. biopsychology/psychobiology): The study of psychological processes from a biological point of view
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The Nervous System A complex combination of cells that allows you to gain information about what is going on inside and outside your body and to respond appropriately It is comprised of the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System
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Central Nervous System
Brain and the Spinal Cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
Nerve cells that send messages between the CNS and all the parts of the body, such as muscles, organs, and skin receptors. (The Central Nervous System is the brain and spinal cord, the Peripheral Nervous system is everything else)
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Peripheral Nervous System
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM Parasympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System Calms the body after emergencies. Restores the body’s energy Prepares the body for fight-or flight response
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Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Controls involuntary actions. It regulates the body’s vital functions: breathing, digestion, blood pressure, etc. It is also involved in emotions Controls voluntary activities It serves arousal functions
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Which Nervous System? Which nervous system is involved in allowing you to shoot a basketball, smell freshly baked bread, and push the keys on a piano? Somatic Nervous System
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Which Nervous System? The digestion of last night’s dinner is most directly controlled by which nervous system? Autonomic
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Which Nervous System? The voluntary command Zelda uses to raise her hand in class would travel through which nervous system from the spinal cord to the muscles that control movement? Somatic
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Which Nervous System? When a man grabbed Zoe’s purse, she ran after him, tackled him, and retrieved her purse. Then she realized that her heart was racing, her breathing was irregular, and she was trembling. Which of Zoe’s nervous systems was responsible for this reaction? Sympathetic
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Which Nervous System? You woke up late for your big job interview! You are running and your heart is beating fast! Which nervous system governs your running? Somatic Which nervous system governs your heart rate? Autonomic (Sympathetic)
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Which Nervous System? Zeon had a long, difficult day at school. As he sits down on the sofa, his heart rate and breathing slow down, his muscles relax, and his digestive system starts getting ready for food. Which of Zeon’s nervous systems has been activated? Parasympathetic
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Part of the Neuron p. 54-56 WHAT IS IT? HOW DOES IT WORK?
WHAT DETAILS ARE IMPORTANT? WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
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Neuron WHAT IS IT? Nerve cells that are the basic building block of the nervous system HOW DOES IT WORK? Cells run through our entire body and communicate with each other WHAT DETAILS ARE IMPORTANT? -Sends messages throughout the entire body -Each of us has 100 billion throughout our body -There are 3 types o neurons WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
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NEURONS Nerve cells that run throughout our body. They send and receive messages from other structures in the body such as muscles and glands. There are 3 main types of neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
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A “TYPICAL” NEURON
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Components of a Neuron Soma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus (a body within the soma that contains the cell’s hereditary material of the cell) it produces energy that fuels the activity of the cell
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Components of a Neuron Dendrites: The short, branched projections of a neuron that receive impulses from axons terminal on other neurons and conduct them toward the cell body.
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Components of a Neuron Axon: The long projection that transmit impulses away from the cell body to the synapse.
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Components of a Neuron Myelin Sheath: A white fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon. The myelin helps speed the impulses. The loss of muscle control seen with multiple sclerosis is due to a degeneration of myelin sheath.
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Components of a Neuron Nodes of Ranvier: The widely spaced gaps on the myelin sheath. They further speed transmission of the impulse as it needs to “skip” over the gap
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Components of a Neuron Axon Terminals: Small fibers that branch out at the end of the axon. They secrete chemical messengers.
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Components of a Neuron Synapse: The tiny gap between the axon terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron It is across this tiny gap that neurons communicate with one another
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Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released from the axon terminals. Neurotransmitters will bind only to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane that recognize them.
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Seven Major Neurotransmitters
Normal Function Disorder Associated with Malfunction Acetylcholine Movement, memory Alzheimer’s Disease Norepinephrine Sleep, mood Depression Serotonin Mood, aggression Dopamine Movement, reward Parksinson’s Schizophrenia GABA Movement Huntington’s disease, epilepsy Endorphin Modulation of pain No established disorder
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ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN
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FOUR LOBES OF THE BRAIN PARIETAL LOBE FRONTAL LOBE OCCIPITAL LOBE
TEMPORAL LOBE
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Who wants to be a Mill-neuron-aire?
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LANGUAGE ABILITIES Left Hemisphere:
Language Functions are based in the left hemisphere for most people
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Broca’s and Wernicke’s Aphasia
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LEFT VS. RIGHT HEMISPHERE
Left: logic, problem solving, mathematical computation, etc. Right: imagination, art, feeling, and spatial relations However… People are NOT right or left brained. The hemispheres do NOT act independently of each other
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Place the card that says “RIGHT” on the right side of your desk. Place the card that says “LEFT”, on the left side of your desk. If you believe the behavior is controlled mostly by the right hemisphere, hold up the card that says “RIGHT” with your right hand. If the behavior is controlled mostly by the left hemisphere, hold up the sign that says “LEFT” with your left hand..
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Studying concepts from psychology LEFT
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Daydreaming about your next holiday trip RIGHT
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Listening to a piano concert RIGHT
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Reading junk mail LEFT
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
6 x 4 – = LEFT
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Doodling RIGHT
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Thinking about the answers for this activity LEFT
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Right or Left Hemisphere?
Listening to rap music BOTH (Right = beat) (Left = lyrics)
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METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN
Accidents: Neuroscientists study people who have had brain injuries to see how the injury has changed the way their brain functions. One example is Phineas Gage.
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METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN
Electroencephalogram (EEG): Records the electrical activity of the brain creating “brain waves”
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METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN
Scans: Use computers to generate images of the brain. Can provide information about brain damage and other abnormalities CAT Scans: Produce a 3-dimensional view of the brain that can be displayed on a video monitor
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METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN
Types of Scans CAT Scans: Produce a 3-dimensional view of the brain that can be displayed on a video monitor
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This is NOT the type of CAT Scan to which I am referring
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This is what the image looks like taken by a CAT scan
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METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN
Types of Scans MRI: more powerful than a CAT Scan and can show detail more clearly
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METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN
Types of Scans PET Scans: The test involves injecting a very small dose of a radioactive glucose into the vein of your arm. The glucose travels through the body and is absorbed by the organs and tissues being studied. Next, you will be asked to lie down on a flat examination table that is moved into the center of a PET scanner—a doughnut-like shaped machine. This machine detects and records the energy given off by the tracer substance and, with the aid of a computer, this energy is converted into three-dimensional pictures. A physician can then look at cross-sectional images of the body organ from any angle in order to detect any functional problems.
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PET SCAN Image
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The Endocrine System The endocrine system contains hormones which stimulate growth and many kinds of reactions. Hormones have specific receptor sites. Hormones are produced by glands such as the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the adrenal gland, the testes, and the ovaries.
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Hormones are to the endocrine
system as ______________ are to the _________________
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Pituitary Gland: is also known as the “master gland” because it secretes many hormones that affect a wide range of behaviors such as growth, pregnancy, mothering, etc.
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Thyroid Gland: Secretes hormones involved in metabolism
Hypothyroidism (too little thyroxin) leads to being overweight Hyperthyroidism (too much thyroxin) leads to weight loss, inability to sleep, excitability, etc.
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Adrenal Gland: The outer layer of the adrenal glands secretes cortical steroids which increase resistance to stress and promote muscle development. Cortical steroids also release stored sugar, making energy available for emergencies.
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Testosterone: A male sex hormone produced by the testes in the male.
If, in the prenatal period, testosterone is secreted male sex organs develop. However, if testosterone is NOT secreted, female sex organs develop. In adolescence, testosterone aids in the growth of muscle and bone and in the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics
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Estrogen and Progesterone: female sex hormones secreted by the ovaries
Estrogen is involved in the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics
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Nurture (environment)
Trait Nature (heredity) Nurture (environment)
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Nature vs. Nurture
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Nature vs. Nurture Nature: Heredity
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Nature vs. Nurture Heredity: the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring Heredity is important in the transmission of physical traits such as: height, hair color, eye color It is also involved in some psychological traits such as: shyness, aggressiveness, leadership, etc. However, it is also a factor in many psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
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Nature vs. Nurture Genes: the basic building block of heredity. Genes are found in chromosomes
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Nature vs. Nurture Chromosomes: Each normal human has 23 pairs of chromosomes. The 23rd pair is the sex determining pair. We all get an X from the mother and females get an X from their father. Whereas males get a Y from their father
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Nature vs. Nurture Nurture: Environment, family, culture, living conditions, everyday experiences
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Nature vs. Nurture Kinship Studies
Identical Twins raised together vs. Identical Twins raised apart Fraternal Twins raised together vs. Identical Twins raised together Adopted children compared to their biological families and their adopted families
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If Identical twins raised together are more alike than Identical twins raised apart then…
Nurture If Identical twins raised apart are more alike than Fraternal twins raised together then…. Nature If adopted children are more like their biological parents then….
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