1. An Educational Perspective Based on Information Contained In The Indiana Prevention Resource Center Factline on Crack Cocaine

2. By the end of this presentation: you will have… (1) Been exposed to general information about Crack Cocaine. (2) Learned some basic facts about Crack Cocaine users in Indiana. (3) Viewed the potential consequences of Crack Cocaine use, both short-term and long-term. (4) Learned about prevention efforts in Indiana. Indiana Prevention Resource Center

3. Crack cocaine is a modified form of cocaine hydrochloride (powdered cocaine). The Drug comes from the leaves of the Erythroxylum cocoa plant. Leaves of the cocoa plant are crushed into a thick paste, dried and purified into cocaine powder. Indiana Prevention Resource Center

4. Crack is a highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. Crack cocaine is a mixture of cocaine, baking soda, and water that is boiled and then dried. The resulting substance is divided into chunks, sometimes called rocks, and smoked. This form of the drug is called “crack” due to the crackling noise it makes while being smoked. Indiana Prevention Resource Center

5. Crack “rocks” are smoked using a pipe. Smoking crack delivers large quantities of the drug to the lungs which produces effects comparable to intravenous cocaine use.

6. Indiana Prevention Resource Center The effects are very Intense and are felt immediately after smoking. The duration of the “high” from smoking crack may be 5-10 minutes whereas snorting cocaine may last for 15-30 minutes

7. Euphoria Restlessness Increased Temperature Increased Heart Rates Constricted Blood Vessels Anxiety Insomnia Irritability Indiana Prevention Resource Center Increased Energy Increased Blood Pressure

8. Typical street names include: Apple Jacks Jelly Beans Casper Baby T Indiana Prevention Resource Center Freebase Tornado Rooster Piles Rock

9. - The drug is trafficked to the United States though the Mexican boarder and brought to Indiana from larger urban areas. - The Majority of the United States’ cocaine supply comes from Columbia, South America.

10. In 2006, 2.2% of Indiana 12 th grade students reported having used Crack at least once in their lives. Indiana Prevention Resource Center According to research data, individual factors such as delinquent behavior and personality disorders may predict adolescent cocaine abuse.

11. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, nearly 8 million Americans aged 12 or older reported using crack once in their lifetimes. This represents 3.3% of the nation’s population 12 or older. Indiana Prevention Resource Center

12. 8th Grade 10th Grade 12th Grade 200520062005200620052006 Past Month0.6 0.7 10.9 Past Year1.41.31.71.31.92.1 Lifetime2.42.32.52.23.5 Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse Monitoring the Future Study Percent of Students Reporting Crack Cocaine Use, 2005–2006

13. Prolonged use of Cocaine may lead to: - Extreme mood swings - Seizures - Strokes - Headaches - Paranoia, - Respiratory failure - Cardiovascular complications Indiana Prevention Resource Center

14. In 1914, the U.S. adopted the Harrison Tax Act, that lead to the prohibitions of cocaine use in the United States. Cocaine is a Schedule II Controlled Substance; it is currently accepted for medical use in treatment in the United States, and may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. There are currently no medical uses for Crack Cocaine.

15. Indiana Prevention Resource Center Crack and powered cocaine are viewed differently in terms of sentencing. Crack cocaine sentences are longer at the federal level than any other drug. In 2001, powder cocaine users received an average sentence of 77 months, whereas crack cocaine offenses resulted in an average of 115 months.

16. The Indiana Prevention Resource Center’s Survey on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use by Indiana Children and Adolescents; Data from 1996-2006. http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/survey/atod/index.html The Indiana Criminal Justice Institute http://www.in.gov/cji/index.html The National Institute on Drug Abuse www.nida.nih.gov/ Indiana Prevention Resource Center

17. Content in this presentation based, in part, on a Factline produced by Bilesha Perera, Ph.D, MS in 2005 and © The Indiana Prevention Resource Center. Contact us Indiana Prevention Resource Center 2735 East 10th Street, CA110 Bloomington, IN 47408-2602 Phone: 1-800-346-3077 or 812-855-1237 Fax: 812-855-4940 E-mail: drugprc@indiana.edudrugprc@indiana.edu http://www.drugs.indiana.edu The Indiana Prevention Resource Center is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated by the Indiana University Department of Applied Health Science and School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation. It is affiliated with the Department's Institute of Drug Abuse Prevention. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration. Indiana University accepts full responsibility for the content of this publication. © Copyright, 2005 by the Trustees of Indiana University. Indiana Prevention Resource Center