1. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition System Engineering in the Acquisition Process Presented to INCOSE Enchantment Chapter August 18, 2004 Presented By: Murray Elowitz JJ & E Research Corp. 11045 Greenview NE Albuquerque, NM 87111 melowitz@comcast.net (505) 856 - 2244

2. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 2 Murray Elowitz Aerospace engineering at GE, Autonetics, TRW –Inertial navigation, guidance, control –Modeling and simulation –Orbital mechanics and mission planning –Avionics development –Embedded Processing –Communication Systems Formed JJ & E Research Corp –Consulting on systems and business development –Many SBIR proposals to DOD, DOE, NIH Publications –Avionics, Spacecraft, Autonomous Operations, Software Maintenance, et al

3. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 3 Today Show how System Engineering applies during acquisition –Where and How –Payoff of the process Describe roles of the System Engineer Provide a small company/ project focus and big business comparison

4. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 4 Kinds of Acquisition Integrate other peoples disparate technologies and capabilities (SETD) Apply new technology to improve mission capability –Key revolutionary breakthrough –Evolutionary upgrade Demonstrate feasibility of concept Productize concept Ongoing-Program recompete Engineering support services

5. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 5 Classic Program Life Cycle MISSION ANALYSIS

6. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 6 Level of System Engineering Very similar for big and small projects MISSION ANALYSIS FEASIBILITY (CONCEPT EXPLORATION AND DEFINITION) PRELIMINARY DEFINITION (CONCEPT DEMONSTRATION AND VALIDATION) PRELIMINARY DEFINITION (ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT) QUALIFICATION AND (INITIAL) PRODUCTION PROD, UTILI- ZATION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM ENGINEERING LEVEL OF EFFORT SYSTEM ENGINEERING PER CENT OF EFFORT Not To Scale

7. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 7 Classic New Business Cycle Post - Proposal Phase WIN PARTY Proposal Preparation Phase Deliver (Long Lead Phase) Customer Contact Pre-Proposal Phase Final RFP

8. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 8 Acquisition Process – Getting to Win For every phase, the steps are similar and the emphases vary The system engineering process is always a valuable tool The System Engineer (person) is key to success Requirements Design Analysis Verification

9. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 9 Example of Role: MILSTAR Proposal A huge spacecraft system, highly competitive Dem / Val Phase Full-Scale Proposal PM Sys Eng SE for Architecture SE for Data System SE for Payload Integration SE for Structure SE for Power Etc. 500 people touched the proposal System Engineering conceived key technology architecture requirement allocations trade studies And Arbitrated, fought off turf battles SE Vs. Product Area Control of technologies, and approach

10. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 10 Big Proposals STRENGTHS Tremendous resources available Exciting, high value targets and payoff (career builders) Exposure to broad areas of company, technology (Fill in the blank space) WEAKNESSES Very hard to direct and control Hard to motivate all players Usually lots of teammates with own agendae A lot of play-for-guts politics (Fill in the blank space)

11. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 11 Pre-Proposal Phase Customer Contact Spend seed money Get ready for RFP Phase begins when customer has money and a schedule Contact your customers regularly and help em shape RFP Respond to RFP Attend Bidders Conference Identify the barriers to you winning Analyze you competitions strengths & weaknesses Begin serious teaming discussions and mating dances Develop your technical approach and solution Initial Planning Plan Approach Respond Technical Solution CBD Announcement Draft RFP Pre-Proposal Phase Final RFP Bid/ No-Bid $ Know how you will win before the RFP

12. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 12 THE System Engineer Person Responsibility is to be the overall technical lead on a program or acquisition –Attributes include Technical breadth and related areas Leadership Understands program process Business acumen In a Small Company/ Project Is the system engineering team Usually knows the whole company Knows the technology and related Product line Will probably have other work at the same time. In a Big Company/ Project Leads system engineering team Knows people in the division and customers May not have worked on this key technology This will be his ONLY job for ever

13. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 13 System Engineer is part of a team Main Teammates are: Marketing System Engineering Management Each has distinct role Customer Contact Resource Allocation Technical Leader Others include Design Technologists

14. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 14 Role: From the beginning System Engineering NEED ? Key Technologies Req Architecture Missing Capabilities Contact your customer and develop your approach

15. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 15 Team Building A joint effort of the leadership Business Area lead Upper Management System Engineering People Managers Requirements Application } }{ Required Skills Corporate Capabilities Competitors Capabilities Other Companies + + =

16. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 16 Products of System Engineering Intangible Products –Leadership of technical efforts –Planting ideas –Image to the customer Tangible Products –Interpretation of Mission Requirements –Appropriate level of specification –System Architecture Especially decisions selecting DISCRIMINATORS

17. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 17 Proposal Phase Example – SBIR 2001 Air force topic: Need for advances in handling video in operational planning –More data than existing technology can handle Client had conceived a digital video recorder with simultaneous read/write Solution: Invent architecture built around DVR to enhance planners capabilities –Allow planners to review recon video without losing incoming stream –Allow editing and sharing Required some prior knowledge of state-of-the-art –Exploit experience with UAVs recon capabilities –Extrapolated from spacecraft operations experience WINNING PHASE ONE PROPOSAL

18. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 18 Big Company Lessons Learned Applying lessons learned to small companies and small projects Each element of System Engineering process has value in large programs –Discipline is vital Each element of System Engineering process costs money up front Pays off later if FOCUSED Getting clients to recognize value of structured program FROM THE BEGINNING –Cost to repair similar to Boehm curve –Lack of concern for life of program –Sources of problem include customers $ Time

19. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 19 More Lessons Learned Elements of the job include –Being political internally –Being a marketeer –Being a technologist The System Engineer has to be strong! –Demonstrate personal vision –Drive discipline throughout acquisition, project –Arbitrate issues between constituents –Strong enough to let others excel

20. JJ & E Research INCOSE 8/17/04 SE In Acquisition 20 CONCLUSIONS Elements of System Engineering process are present in all technical acquisition efforts The System Engineers role is to drive toward success Understanding the roles and responsibilities helps the System Engineer perform better