1. Autism Heather Towery Davis #87838 EDU 329 Spring 2011/Session I

2. What is Autism? Also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) It is a bio-neurological developmental disability that generally appears before the age of three. Children with autism vary in their abilities, level of intelligence, and social behaviors.

3. What does Autism impact? Autism impacts the normal development of the brain in three areas: – Social interaction – Communication skills – Cognitive function Individuals with Autism typically have difficulties in: – Verbal and non-verbal communication – Social interactions – Leisure or play activities

4. Other Physical Ailments Allergies Asthma Epilepsy Digestive disorders Persistent viral infections Feeding disorders Sensory integration dysfunction Sleeping disorders

5. How is Autism Diagnosed? It is diagnosed based on clinical observation AND testing by a professional using one or more standardized tests. Who diagnoses autism? – Psychologists, psychiatrists, developmental pediatricians, and school psychologists are most likely to diagnose autism.

6. Causes There are many theories, however no one has found the exact cause. It is believed to be an environmentally- triggered disease.

7. Treatment Options Early intervention – KEY Behavior Modification Dietary Intervention Occupational Therapy Physical Therapy Speech Therapy Music Therapy Canine Companions

8. Instructional Strategies for Students with Autism

9. Use Consistent Classroom Routines Consistent routines:  Lower the students’ anxiety  Increase their ability to function independently

10. Give Visual Instructions, Rules, and Use Visual Classroom Schedules Use their visual strengths along with visual reminders to increase their ability to function independently, both physically and socially.

11. Structure the Layout of the Classroom Lower anxiety levels by letting students know where their work areas are. No surprises!

12. Structure the Presentation of Worksheets  Highlight directions  Number the steps to complete harder tasks  Provide an example of a completed assignment

13. Explain Clearly the Purpose of All Work Assignments Students with ASD have difficulty reasoning and making conclusions, and may not see the importance of the content material unless a teacher plainly states the purpose.

14. Provide Written Rubrics Include on rubric: – Explanatory comments – Rules – Due dates should be clearly marked – Procedures for completing the task Students with autism need clear written expectations for their work assignments.

15. Give Fewer Choices The more choices, the more confusion.

16. Limit Physical Contact Autistic children cannot properly interpret body language and touch so minimal body physical contact is best.