1. Chapter 7
Gerunds
Infinitives

2. Vocabulary Preview
Consider -
Think about
Avoid -
Stay Away from

3. Gerunds
When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same.
When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:
Fishing is fun.
When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present participle:
Anthony is fishing.
I have a boring teacher.

4. Gerunds Every gerund ends in ing. Gerunds function as nouns.
Smoking costs a lot of money.
I don't like writing.
My favorite occupation is reading.

5. Gerunds
Do you see the difference in these two sentences? In one, "reading" is a gerund (noun). In the other "reading" is a present participle (verb).
My favorite occupation is reading. = Gerund
(noun)
My favorite niece is reading. = Present Participle
(verb)

6. Gerunds A gerund can also have an object itself.
[gerund + object] can be the subject, object or complement of the sentence.
Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money.
I don't like writing letters.
My favorite occupation is reading detective stories.

7. Gerunds Gerund as Subject: Watching TV is my favorite way to relax.
Gerund as Object:
I’m thinking about getting married.

8. Gerunds I dislike ______ to the movies by myself. a. to go b. going
c. to go/going
I started ______ dinner without you.
a. eating
b. to eat
c. eating/to eat
I can’t imagine ________my own house.
a. buying
b. to buy

9. Gerunds When do you practice ______ the piano. a. playing b. to play
c. playing/to play

10. Infinitives
To sneeze, to smash, to cry, to shriek, to jump, to dunk, to read, to eat, to slurp—all of these are infinitives. An infinitive will almost always begin with to followed by the simple form of the verb, like this:
to + verb = infinitive
Important Note: Because an infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the end. Ever!

11. Infinitives
Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Look at these examples:
To sleep is the only thing Eli wants after his double shift waiting tables at the neighborhood café.
To sleep functions as a noun because it is the subject of the sentence.
No matter how fascinating the biology dissection is, Emanuel turns his head and refuses to look.
To look functions as a noun because it is the direct object for the verb refuses.

12. Infinitives
Wherever Melissa goes, she always brings a book to read in case conversation lags or she has a long wait.
To read functions as an adjective because it modifies book.
Richard braved the icy rain to throw the smelly squid eyeball stew into the apartment dumpster.
To throw functions as an adverb because it explains why Richard braved the inclement weather.

13. Infinitives Practice The kids hope ____ for dinner. a. making pizza
b. to make pizza
Do you really intend ___ for breakfast?!

14. Look on page 94 Grammar Verb + Gerund Avoid Consider Enjoy
Keep on _______ ing
Practice
Qui
Stop
Think about

15. Look on page 94 Grammar
Verb + Infinitive
Decide
Learn to _______

16. Look on page 94 Grammar Gerund as Subject
Watching TV is my favorite way to relax.
Gerund as Object
I’m thinking about getting married.

17. Page 82 My Favorite Way to Relax
Do you like to watch TV?
Yes. I enjoy watching TV very much.
Watching TV is my favorite way to relax.
1.) you
paint
A. Do you like to paint?
Yes. I enjoy painting very much.
Painting is my favorite way to relax.

18. In class:
Side by Side
Page 82 #1-9

19. Page 84 She Hates to Drive Downtown
Like to work hate to work _______
Like working hate working avoid working
Does Helen like to drive downtown?
driving
B. No. She hates to drive downtown.

20. Page 84 She Hates to Drive Downtown
Albert
travel by plane
Does Albert like to travel by plane?
No. He hates to travel by plane. Or
Does Albert like traveling by plane?
No. He hates traveling by plane.

21. In class:
Side by Side
Page 84 #1-9

22. WIP – 10 minutes What do you enjoy doing?
What do you avoid doing whenever you can?

23. Practice: Gerunds &Infinitives

24. Bad Habits page 85
Jill’s co-workers always tell her to stop eating junk food. They think that eating junk food is unhealthy. Jill knows that, but she still keeps on eating junk food. She wants to stop, but she can’t. Eating junk food is a bad habit she just can’t break.

25. Bad Habits page 85
Vincent’s friends always tell him to stop gossiping. They think that gossiping isn’t nice. Vincent knows that, but he still keeps on gossiping. He wants to stop, but he can’t. Gossiping is a habit he just can’t break.

26. Bad Habits page 85
Jennifer’s parents always tell her to stop interrupting people while they’re talking. They think that interrupting people is very rude. Jennifer knows that, but she still keeps on interrupting people. She wants to stop, but she can’t. Interrupting people is a habit she just can’t break.

27. Bad Habits page 85
Walter’s wife always tells him to stop talking about business all the time. She thinks that talking about business all the time is boring. Walter knows that, but he still keeps on talking about business. He wants to stop, but he can’t. Talking about business is a habit he just can’t break.

28. WIP – 10 minutes How About You? page 85
Do you have any habits you “just can’t break”? Tell about them.
Yes, my habit that I just can’t break is chocolate chip cookie dough icecream.
My friend always tell me to stop eating chocolate chip cookie dough icecream every night. She thinks that eating a lot of icecream is bad for me and is very expensive to buy gallon of icecream every week. I know that, but I still keep on eating it. I want to stop, but I can’t. Eating icecream is a habit I just can’t break.

29. Page 86 Start to swim learn to swim ______
Start swimming _________ practice swimming
to swim =
Infinitive
Start swimming =
Gerund as object

30. Page 86 Example: How did you learn to swim so well?
Well, I started to swim when I was young.
swimming
I envy you. I’ve never swum before.
I’ll be glad to teach you how.
A. Thank you. But isn’t swimming very difficult?
B. Not at all. After you practice swimming a few times, you’ll probably swim as well as I do.

31. Page 87 1. draw draw How did you learn to ____________ so well?
Well, I started to ________ when I was young.
__________
I envy you. I’ve never _______ before.
I’ll be glad to teach you how.
A. Thank you. But isn’t _______very difficult?
B. Not at all. After you practice _______ a few times,
probably ___________ as well as I do.
draw
drawing
drawn
drawing
drawing
draw

32. In class:
Side by Side
Page 87 #1-6